Synthesis and Properties of Alkyl Dibenzyl Ether Quaternary Ammonium Gemini Surfactant

Abstract

Three g e m in i surfactants w ith d ib e nzyl e th e r spacer (1 0 -B -1 0 ,12-B-12, and 14-B-14) w e re synthesized and characterized. The su r face a ctivity and th e rm o d y n a m ic p ro p e rtie s o f m ice lliza tio n w e re d e te rm in e d by surface te n sio n , steady-state flu o re sce n ce m icroscopy, and c o n d u c tiv ity m e th o d s. The th e rm o d y n a m ic pa ra m eters o f m ic e lliz a tio n (AmicG°, AmicH°, and AmicS°) derived fro m th e electrical c o n d u c tiv ity m e a s u re m e n t im p lie d th a t th e m ic e lliz a tio n o f th e se surfactants w as d rive n by e n thalpy. The e n th a lp y -e n tro p y c o m p e n s a tio n o f m ic e lliz a tio n sh o w e d th a t th e s ta b ility o f m ice lle s increased w ith in creasing alkyl chain le n g th . Finally, w e e valuated th e effects o f alkyl chain le n g th on th e in te rfa cia l te n s io n , fo a m a b ility, and th e e m u ls io n stability. Key w o rd s : G e m in i su rfa cta n t, critical m ice lle co n ce n tra tio n , degree o f c o u n te rio n association, th e rm o d y n a m ic param eters, e n th a lp y -e n tro p y c o m p e n s a tio n S yn th ese u nd E ig e n s c h a fte n vo n q u a te rn ä re n A lk y ld ib e nz y le th e r a m m o n iu m -C e m in ite n s id e n . Es w u rd e n d rei G e m in i te n s id e m it e in e m D ib e n zyle th e rsp a ce r (10-B-10, 12-B-12 u nd

Alkyl Xylosides: Physico‐Chemical Properties and Influence on Environmental Bacteria Cells

“…The obtained results clearly illustrate the influence of the alkyl chain length on the surfactant foaming properties. Such conclusions were found in several publications [56][57][58]. Badache et al [21] noticed that a longer alkyl chain of the surfactant is connected with the increasing foamability.…”

Modification of sodium dodecyl sulfate and evaluation of foaming activity

“…As can be seen from Figure 1, with increase in concentration, the surface tension of the surfactant solution decreases sharply at first and then tends to stabilize. This is because the surfactants begin to automatically assemble and arrange themselves on the surface, reducing the contact area between water and air, and the surface tension of the solution decreases dramatically [15]. After processing the data in Figure 1, the cmc values of SDS, MSDS-1, and MSDS-2 for different molar ratios are obtained as shown in Table 2.…”

Research Progress on the Synthesis of Different Types of Gemini Surfactants with a Functionalized Hydrophobic Moiety and Spacer

“…[16][17][18] The physicochemical properties of geminis rely primarily on their molecular structures (such as headgroup charges, hydrophobic moiety, spacer) as well as solvent characteristics. [19][20][21][22] The effect of length of the hydrophobic chain on the surface and bulk properties of gemini has been extensively studied, [23,24] while that of the spacer is comparatively less studied. The spacer in geminis can be rigid, semi-rigid, or flexible.…”