2021
DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00777g
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Synthesis and in vitro preliminary evaluation of prostate-specific membrane antigen targeted upconversion nanoparticles as a first step towards radio/fluorescence-guided surgery of prostate cancer

Abstract: Over the last decade, upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) have been widely investigated in nanomedicine due to their high potential as imaging agents in the near-infrared (NIR) optical window of biological tissues....

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Cited by 16 publications
(9 citation statements)
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“…However, the typical challenge is that it has insufficient light intensity and is poisonous to biological cells; therefore, its structure and surface must be modified [2]. Many scholars have proposed doping Mo 3+ , Cu 2+ [3,4], and other metal ions in the NaYF 4 :Yb 3+ /Er 3+ unit cell to increase the luminous intensity [5,6], but the effect is not significant. Others have offered sliver doping [7], which has a large impact as well; however, sliver is poisonous to cells, may cause cell death without targeting, and cannot be employed in biology.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the typical challenge is that it has insufficient light intensity and is poisonous to biological cells; therefore, its structure and surface must be modified [2]. Many scholars have proposed doping Mo 3+ , Cu 2+ [3,4], and other metal ions in the NaYF 4 :Yb 3+ /Er 3+ unit cell to increase the luminous intensity [5,6], but the effect is not significant. Others have offered sliver doping [7], which has a large impact as well; however, sliver is poisonous to cells, may cause cell death without targeting, and cannot be employed in biology.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Many scholars have proposed that they can be used in biological imaging because they offer significant advantages in the fight against major diseases, such as cancer [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. However, a common difficulty is that they have insufficient luminous intensity and are toxic to biological cells, so it is necessary to modify their structure and modify their surface [ 4 ]. To mitigate this problem, several imaging probes were combined into a single multi-modality imaging system, even with some considerable restrictions such as the need to use a sophisticated synthetic processes and the heterogeneity of the resulting nanostructures.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ligand exchange, or ligand displacement, is widely used for this purpose . Several polymers have been reported as potential ligand candidates, capable of making UCNPs hydrophilic and biocompatible such as poly­(allylamine hydrochloride), poly­(acrylic acid), , polyethylene glycol functionalized with anchoring groups, polyethylenimine, and poly­(amidoamine) …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%