Synthesis and Evaluation of a Pyridinium-Based Ionic Liquid-Type Surfactant as a New Low-Dosage Methane Hydrate Inhibitor

Abstract

This work reports the synthesis of a new low-dosage kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI) based on the ionic liquid C12PyBr (N-dodecyl pyridinium bromide), which was characterized and evaluated in order to determine its inhibition performance. By means of a microwave-assisted reaction scheme, a high-purity product was obtained and the commercial product Inhibex 101 (IC) was employed as a comparison reference at 0.1, 0.5,, and 1.0 wt % in aqueous solution to test the inhibition of methane hydrate formation. In this sense, it was discovered that, by using C12PyBr at 0.1 wt %, the formation of methane hydrates was inhibited at a subcooling of 11.2 K and at a concentration one order of magnitude lower than that used with Inhibex 101 to reach the same performance as KHI. This fact could be used as an attractive factor when establishing gas hydrate inhibition plans for offshore and deep-water scenarios.

Gas Hydrate and Corrosion Inhibition Performance of the Newly Synthesized Polyurethanes: Potential Dual Function Inhibitors

“…The average molecular weight of synthesized polymers was ∼4 kDa. The chemical structure of WPU was characterized using 1 H, 13 C NMR (Bruker Avance 400-MHz) and FT-IR (Vertex 70, Bruker, Germany). Analytical characteristics of all newly synthesized compounds are detailed in the Supporting Information.…”

“…LDHIs offer inhibitory activity at much lower concentrations than THIs (usually less than 2 wt %). Most of the KHIs are water-soluble polymers that do not affect the thermodynamic conditions of hydrate formation, but they interfere with the nucleation process and the growth of hydrate crystals. ,, Vinyl lactam-based polymers and copolymers, acrylamide-based polymers, and hyperbranched polyesteramides are the most well-known KHIs that have been used successfully in field applications. , Poly­( N- alkylacrylamide)­s, polyamine oxides, polyvinylaminals, polyvinylsulfonamides, ionic liquids, amino acids, waterborne polymers, proteins, pectin, and chitosan are some of the chemical classes that have been reported as KHIs in recent years. − The main role of AAs is to disperse formed hydrate particles in the hydrocarbon fluid. Phosphonium and quaternary ammonium compounds containing two or more n -butyl, n -pentyl, or isopentyl groups are common commercial AAs. , Corrosion is another major economic problem in the oil and gas industry.…”