Synthesis and characterization of nanostructured lithium titanate by simple peroxo route

Abstract

Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 nanopowder was successfully synthesized by simple peroxo-solution growth technique. The physicochemical properties of synthesized powders were studied by powder X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy. The effect of calcination on structure, morphology and the electrochemical performances of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 have also been investigated. The electrochemical property of the Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 was analyzed by galvanostatic charge/discharge test. The storage capacity of 90.27 mAh g -1 was achieved for Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 nanopowder.

Influence of Inorganic Bases on the Structure of Titanium Dioxide-Based Microsheets

“…The crystallization of anatase found by DSC was slightly higher compared to the results achieved by HT-XRD (differences can be caused by different temperature programs and atmosphere), but the order of crystallization was the same. Similar exothermal transformation to anatase at approximately 425 °C was recorded in lithium titanates in the works by Selvamurugan et al 21 and Motlochováet al 27 Over 700 °C, a broad exothermic peak emerged on DSC curves connected with gradual crystallization to rutile, in agreement with Ryu et al 28 The transformation temperatures to rutile or titanates according to DCS are shown in Table 3. Transformation temperatures of sodium and potassium The FTIR spectra of all samples contained O−H stretching vibration of water (surface-adsorbed or coordinated to TiO 2 ) at ∼3440 cm −1 .…”

“…The crystallization of anatase found by DSC was slightly higher compared to the results achieved by HT-XRD (differences can be caused by different temperature programs and atmosphere), but the order of crystallization was the same. Similar exothermal transformation to anatase at approximately 425 °C was recorded in lithium titanates in the works by Selvamurugan et al and Motlochová et al…”

“…Sodium, potassium, and lithium hydroxides as alternatives to ammonia solution were tested to obtain amorphous and crystalline TiO 2 -based microsheets for potential use in photocatalysis, 8 , 11 , 15 photovoltaics, 8 , 15 ion exchangers, 13 and lithium-ion batteries. 21 The choice of these hydroxides was dictated by their nontoxic character, availability as well as purchase and waste disposal cost. The formation of titanates and TiO 2 in different phase ratios (anatase/rutile) was observed.…”

“…The need for ammonia substitution in the preparation of TiO 2 microsheets for a less toxic agent for industrial use has initiated studies on the effects of inorganic base replacement. Sodium, potassium, and lithium hydroxides as alternatives to ammonia solution were tested to obtain amorphous and crystalline TiO 2 -based microsheets for potential use in photocatalysis, ,, photovoltaics, , ion exchangers, and lithium-ion batteries . The choice of these hydroxides was dictated by their nontoxic character, availability as well as purchase and waste disposal cost.…”