“…It was observed that the XRD pattern of Mn 3 O 4 consists of several diffraction peaks at 13.82°, 29.13°, 31.32°, 32.60°, 36.33°, 44.69°, 51.01°, 58.76°, 60.13°, and 64.88°, which were corresponding to the lattice planes of (101), (112), (103), (211), (004), ( 220), (105), (321), ( 224) and (400), respectively. Tetragonal-phase Mn 3 O 4 nanoparticles matched well with the reported JCPDS number 80-0382 [35][36][37][38]. The average crystallite size (D) was calculated to be 20.92 nm using the Scherrer equation, described in equation (2):…”