Synthesis and Characterisation of Nano-Biosorbents and Their Applications for Waste Water Treatment

Abstract

Nanotechnology is one of the most reliable techniques for the remediation of heavy metals. As nanoparticles have a higher surface area to volume, ratio, and high surface energies, so nano-based absorbents are very efficient. Adsorption technique is the most preferred for the remediation of wastewater pollutants. In the current study, a comparative study was done between bio sorbents, nanosorbents and bio nanosorbents. The chapter studies with the synthesis and characterization of the bio sorbents, bionanosorbents, their mechanism of sorption, their synthesis, in addition, application for the remediation of heavy metals from wastewater. The fly ash is an industrial byproduct. Biosorbents have immense applications in the field of bioremediation of heavy metals. Further, their components have also enhanced removal efficiency from the wastewater.

Functionalized Microbial Consortia with Silver-Doped Hydroxyapatite (Ag@HAp) Nanostructures for Removal of RO84 from Industrial Effluent

“…Using effective metal and metal-based nanocatalysts, environmental difficulties, such as wastewater cleaning, dye remediation, and heavy metal elimination, have been resolved [32][33][34]. Due to the outstanding potential of hybrid nanostructures for medicinal, optoelectronic, and environmental applications, numerous academic and scientific studies have been conducted to create effective and affordable nanocatalysts [35][36][37][38]. Using effective metal and metal-based nanocatalysts, environmental difficulties, such as wastewater cleaning, dye remediation, and heavy metal elimination, have been resolved [32][33][34].…”

State of Art Technology: Synthesis of Carbon Dots and Their Potential Applications in Biomedical, Research and Environmental Remediation

“…They have a diameter of less than 10 nm and some carbon dots are also hallow structured. Many researchers have already shown amorphous C-dots with geometry such as sp 2 and some have been identified as sp 3 , in a diamond-like structure. The C-dots are circular or elliptical in shape, and others also have a quadrate, triangular and hexagonal structure, verified by high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM), tools for diffraction by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) [124].…”

“…Such particles have low toxicity, strong fluorescence, tunable color emission, easy to surface functionalization, low cost and high aqueous stability and photostability [11]. Various approaches have been used to synthesize CQDs such as (i) top-down pathways, such as the laser ablation technique [1,2], electrochemical exfoliation (ECE) [13] and the chemical oxidation method (destruction of large carbon materials) [14], or (ii) bottom-up pathways (small precursor composition): microwave associated synthesis [15], plasma [16], hydrothermal and solvothermal treatments [17]. CQD has been recorded to reduce antimicrobial properties and potency based on the scale including charge density, which could be conveniently regulated by surface modification (for example -COOH, -OH, amino, epoxy, NH2, etc.)…”

Utilization of Incense Stick Ash in Hydrometallurgy Methods for Extracting Oxides of Fe, Al, Si, and Ca

“…Calcium oxide is also a major component of ISA, and can be extracted by one of the reported techniques available for the recovery of calcium oxides from calcium-rich waste such as gypsum [ 17 , 18 ], eggshell waste [ 19 ], mollusks [ 20 ], cockle eggshell waste, etc. [ 21 ]. Calcium oxide is an exceptionally important industrial compound, as it is used as a catalyst in numerous chemical reactions, for biodiesel production [ 22 ], as non-toxic remediable particle, as an additive in refractory material, in paints, and also as a nano adsorbent [ 23 ].…”