Synthesis and applications of copillar[5]arene dithiols

Pillar[n]arenes at the Chemistry‐Biology Interface

“…Cragg and colleagues attached 29 (Figure ) directly to gold electrodes through dithiol links and demonstrated selectivity for Li + over other alkali metals with binding decreasing with increasing ionic radii . This differs from the group's observation of selectivity for Na + and K + with 1 , however, when immobilised in carbon paste that macrocycle is unable to rotate around its methylene bridges and cannot adopt a suitable coordination environment for Li + .…”

Architectures and Mechanical Properties of Drugs and Complexes of Surface-Active Compounds at Air-Water and Oil-Water Interfaces

“…'bind' a layer of water in particles and prevent them from developing biofilms in situ or being removed [11,17] from the blood (in parenteral injected products), via a complex biochemical process of labelling with blood proteins and antibodies (opsonization) and then engulfment by blood phagocyte cells (white blood cells; macrophages) as part of the body's defenses [2,11]. More general colloid science and medical nanotechnology involve more familiar drug delivery vehicles [8], these being micelles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (solid emulsions; SLNs), nanogels (polymer micelles) and molecular drug-polymer conjugates [6,11], known as pro-drugs. Encapsulation of therapeutic species in these dispersion forms is frequently used for confinement of colloidal isotopes for chemotherapy and radiotherapy purposes and CAT scan or MRI imaging aids, such as elemental gadolinium [1,2].…”

“…13), analogous to a twodimensional gel. The interaction can be diverse or simple, usually being complex, where proteins and hetero-polymers or drugs with multiple functional groups are concerned [3,6,41,56]. There is and has been considerable debate [33,40,41] as to the form of such an adsorbed layer, which may change from a simple monolayer to multiple layers or strata, with varying degrees and depths of entanglement and interconnection (Fig.…”

“…lithium carbonate, amitriptyline), and many more formulated intro therapeutic products. The range of forms observed is large and traverses simple solutions and colloids [4][5][6], to products based on fibers [7,8]. In order to understand the working of such complex systems, it has been necessary to start by looking at simple models of the interplay [9] between polymers (polysaccharides, gums, complex lipids, emulsifiers, proteins and oligonucleotides), organic molecules and excipients [10,11].…”

Lithium Ion Sensors

“…Kothur et al attached pillar [ 5 ] arene 37 ( Scheme 16 ) to gold surfaces though thiol links and used cyclic voltammetry to characterise the capacitive signal on 1 × 10 −2 mol dm −3 alkali metal salt solutions [ 50 ]. In previous work, unmodified pillar [ 5 ] arene 38 ( Scheme 16 ) was incorporated in an epoxy-carbon paste electrode and proved to be selective for Na + [ 51 ].…”