We explored the proton conductivities of two 3D Co metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), {[Co(m-ClPhIDC)(HO)]·2HO} [1; m-ClPhHIDC = 2-(m-chlorophenyl)imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid] and {[Co(p-ClPhHIDC)(HO)]·6HO} (2; p-ClPhHIDC = 2-(p-chlorophenyl)imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid), under water and aqua-ammonia vapors, respectively. The experimental results revealed that the proton conductivities of 1 and 2 at aqua-ammonia vapor were 2.89 × 10 and 4.25 × 10 S/cm, respectively, and approximately 2 orders of magnitude greater than those at water vapor. On the basis of the activation energy, water and ammonia vapor absorption, and powder X-ray diffraction patterns, their proton-conduction mechanisms have been discussed. We believe that this is a novel approach to drastically improving the proton conductivity of MOFs.