Syntheses and chemistry of porphyrins

Base-Catalyzed Direct Conversion of Dipyrromethanes to 1,9-Dicarbinols: A [2 + 2] Approach for Porphyrins

“…Although there are dozens of general methodologies for synthesizing porphyrins, − we focused on developing a variant of MacDonald synthesis, i.e., the [2 + 2] approach, because it does not produce undesired porphyrin byproducts and a variety of symmetries such as A-, trans -A 2 -, trans -AB-, trans -A 2 B 2 -, and trans -AB 2 C-porphyrins (see refs and for nomenclature) can be prepared. For [2 + 2] approaches, modification of the 1- and 9-positions of dipyrromethane is required. ,− One of the useful precursors is a 1,9-dipyrromethane–dicarbinol which is obtained by two steps: acylation using acid chlorides followed by reduction , or Vilsmeier–Haack formylation followed by reduction .…”

Pyridyl-substituted porphyrins: I. Synthesis and basicity of monopyridylporphyrins

“…Lin et al [5] synthesized porphyrin by cyclization of 1,19-arylmethylbiladieneac salts. A detailed review on the syntheses of porphyrins through biladienes was published in [10].…”

Synthesis of flexible dimeric meso-tetrakis-porphyrins

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Dimeric porphyrin arrays (bis-porphyrins) in particular are important for supramolecular recognition and energy or electron donor-acceptor systems. The bisporphyrins are the simplest elements in porphyrin based nanostructures and consequently several methods have been developed to achieve efficient and controlled synthesis of porphyrin-spacer-porphyrin systems.…”