Syntheses and characterization of poly(aminophenazines)

Abstract

The oxidative polymerization of o-phenylenediamine was studied under a variety of conditions. At room temperature the reaction of o-phenylenediamine with ammonium persulfate in HCl acid medium gives a dimer, 2,3-diaminophenazine. The same reaction at 70 "C results in a trimer with an open structure, [3-amino-2-(3,4-diaminophenylamino)]phenazine hydrochloride. At 118 "C, the oxidative polymerization in glacial acetic acid medium gives poly(aminophenazine) acetate, analogous to polyaniline. However, either because of the atactic nature of the polymer and the consequences of this on the stability of charge carriers or because protonation occurs at localized amines, no electrical conductivity was found.

<i>In Situ</i> UV–Vis Spectroelectrochemical Studies on the Copolymerization of Diphenylamine and <i>o</i>-Phenylenediamine

“…The absorbance transient located at 460 nm is assigned to the intermediate of the phenazine-type dimmer/oligomer or the OPD cation radicals. The dimer and oligomer containing the phenazine-type have been reported to give the absorption bands at 420 nm and 451 nm, respectively [43,44]. The transients at 490 nm and 550 nm can be ascribed to the PANI-like dimer and oligomer intermediates, as shown in Scheme 1.…”

Poly(phenylenediamine) Dispersions

“…The mixture was stirred during oxidation to avoid temperature gradients. The same experimental set-up, comprising a beaker containing 100 mL of the reaction mixture placed on a magnetic stirrer at room temperature (20)(21)(22)(23) • C), was used to ensure the same surface-to-volume ratio and comparable heat loss in all experiments.…”

Copolymerization of poly (o-phenylenediamine-co-o/p-toluidine) via the chemical oxidative technique: synthesis and characterization

“…Poly phenylenediamine homopolymer has attracted attention because it has been reported to be a high aromatic polymer containing a 2,3-diamino phenazine or quinoxaline repeat unit and exhibiting an unusually high thermostability. [19][20][21] In recent years, copolymerization has been developed as one of the most essential and alternative strategies for modifying physical and chemical properties of conducting polymers. These copolymers show characteristics reasonably different from those of the homo polymer.…”

“…However, the conductivity and solubility of the phenylenediamine homopolymer are low. [19][20][21] Copolymerization of o-phenylenediamine with o/p toluidine might be one of the best methods. A close analysis of the literature shows a large number of reports on the chemical and electrochemical synthesis of polytoluidine and its copolymer with aniline and other substituted anilines.…”