Synchronous Ruptures along a Major Graben‐Forming Fault System: Wasatch and West Valley Fault Zones, Utah

DuRoss, Christopher B.; Hylland, Michael D.

doi:10.1785/0120140064

Cited by 22 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The majority of these data are from trench investigations across <10 m high fault scarps in Holocene alluvial fan deposits [e.g., Crone et al, 2014]. Some sites targeted larger (~10 to 20 m high) scarps in latest Pleistocene Lake Bonneville lacustrine (or Bonneville-age alluvial fan) deposits [e.g., McCalpin and Forman, 2002;Olig et al, 2011;DuRoss and Hylland, 2015]. Most earthquake times are numerically constrained by radiocarbon and luminescence ages, the limitations of which are described by Wong et al [2016] used data predating the Spring Lake and North Creek investigations to provide input data for the WGUEP; however, in this study we include the most up-to-date paleoseismic data and critically evaluate evidence that facilitates evaluation of fault segmentation.…”

Section: Definition Of Terms and Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Estimates of per event vertical displacement used in this report are from DuRoss [2008], DuRoss et al [2009, 2012, 2014a, 2014b], Olig et al [2011], and DuRoss and Hylland [2015]. Displacement data are generally sparsely distributed along the fault, and values range from~0.5 to 4.7 m, though most are~1-3 m. Limitations in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 10.1002/2015JB012519 the displacement data are related to assumptions of how colluvial wedge thickness relates to fault displacement and the reporting of per site average displacements (e.g., the total displacement divided by the number of events observed) [DuRoss, 2008].…”

Section: Definition Of Terms and Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vertical bands indicate primary segment boundaries consistent with our spatial uncertainties shown in the upper panel. Crone et al [2014], and DuRoss and Hylland [2015] demonstrates the product approach for the Weber, Brigham City, Nephi, and Salt Lake City segments, respectively. We used this approach to model segment earthquake times for the Provo segment and to update the Nephi segment results (Figure 8).…”

Section: A Segmented Wasatch Fault Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even the best-constrained paleoearthquakes have timing uncertainties of tens [e.g., Scharer et al, 2007Scharer et al, , 2014Shennan et al, 2014] to hundreds [e.g., Lund, 2005;DuRoss, 2008] of years. Thus, it is not possible to unequivocally differentiate between synchronous rupture of two adjacent segments and the occurrence of separate earthquakes spaced closely in time (i.e., minutes to decades) [DuRoss and Hylland, 2015]. Further, although per event displacements and along-strike rupture profiles can limit rupture dimensions and magnitudes [e.g., Hemphill-Haley and Weldon, 1999;Scholz and Gupta, 2000;Biasi and Weldon, 2006;Wesnousky, 2008;Hecker et al, 2010], the results are nonunique.…”

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Fault segmentation: New concepts from the Wasatch Fault Zone, Utah, USA

et al. 2016

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The question of whether structural segment boundaries along multisegment normal faults such as the Wasatch fault zone (WFZ) act as persistent barriers to rupture is critical to seismic hazard analyses. We synthesized late Holocene paleoseismic data from 20 trench sites along the central WFZ to evaluate earthquake rupture length and fault segmentation. For the youngest (<3 ka) and best‐constrained earthquakes, differences in earthquake timing across prominent primary segment boundaries, especially for the most recent earthquakes on the north‐central WFZ, are consistent with segment‐controlled ruptures. However, broadly constrained earthquake times, dissimilar event times along the segments, the presence of smaller‐scale (subsegment) boundaries, and areas of complex faulting permit partial‐segment and multisegment (e.g., spillover) ruptures that are shorter (~20–40 km) or longer (~60–100 km) than the primary segment lengths (35–59 km). We report a segmented WFZ model that includes 24 earthquakes since ~7 ka and yields mean estimates of recurrence (1.1–1.3 kyr) and vertical slip rate (1.3–2.0 mm/yr) for the segments. However, additional rupture scenarios that include segment boundary spatial uncertainties, floating earthquakes, and multisegment ruptures are necessary to fully address epistemic uncertainties in rupture length. We compare the central WFZ to paleoseismic and historical surface ruptures in the Basin and Range Province and central Italian Apennines and conclude that displacement profiles have limited value for assessing the persistence of segment boundaries but can aid in interpreting prehistoric spillover ruptures. Our comparison also suggests that the probabilities of shorter and longer ruptures on the WFZ need to be investigated.

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Section: Definition Of Terms and Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Definition Of Terms and Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Segmented Wasatch Fault Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Fault segmentation: New concepts from the Wasatch Fault Zone, Utah, USA

et al. 2016

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“…Even though the exact timing is unknown, the 21-12 ka BP interval was seismically active (e.g. DuRoss and Hylland, 2015), making an earthquake-triggered flow possible.…”

Section: Flow Triggering Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%