Symbiotic Marine Bacteria Chemically Defend Crustacean Embryos from a Pathogenic Fungus

Gil-Turnes, M S; Hay, Mark E.; Fenical, William

doi:10.1126/science.2781297

Cited by 379 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Feifarek (1987) described how an epibiotic sponge impeded starfish predation on a spiny oyster, Barkai & McQuaid (1988) found that whelks in shells overgrown by a bryozoan were resistant to lobster predation, and Gil-Turnes et al (1989) reported that bacteria growing on the surface of shrimp embryos chemically defended the embryos from pathogenic fungi. Bach (1980) mentioned how normally immune corn may be moderately attacked by cucumber herbivores when grown intermixed with cucumber, Threlkeld et al (1993) found that zooplankton may become more susceptible to predation when fouled, and epibiotic bryozoans have been shown to increase the attractiveness of kelp blades for grazing fishes (Bernstein & Jung, 1979) and echinoids (Ryland, 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of epibiosis on consumer-prey interactions

Wahl¹,

Hay²,

Enderlein³

1997

Interactions and Adaptation Strategies of Marine Organisms

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In many benthic communities predators play a crucial role in the population dynamics of their prey. Surface characteristics of the prey are important for recognition and handling by the predator. Because the establishment of an epibiotic assemblage on the surface of a basibiont species creates a new interface between the epibiotized organism and its environment, we hypothesised that epibiosis should have an impact on consumer-prey interactions. In separate investigations, we assessed how epibionts on macroalgae affected the susceptibility of the latter to herbivory by the urchin Arbacia punctulata and how epibionts on the blue mussel Mytilus edulis affected its susceptibility to predation by the shore crab Carcinus maenas. Some epibionts strongly affected consumer feeding behavior. When epibionts were more attractive than their host, consumer pressure increased. When epibionts were less attractive than their host or when they were repellent, consumer pressure decreased. In systems that are controlled from the top-down, epibiosis can strongly influence community dynamics. For the Carcinus/Mytilus system that we studied, the insitu distribution of epibionts on mussels reflected the epibiosis-determined preferences of the predator. Both direct and indirect effects are involved in determining these epibiont-prey-consumer interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of epibiosis on consumer-prey interactions

Wahl¹,

Hay²,

Enderlein³

1997

Interactions and Adaptation Strategies of Marine Organisms

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“…Crustacean and squid embryos harbor symbiotic bacteria on the egg surface or in embryo sheaths. In the shrimp Palaeomon macrodactylus, symbiotic Alteromonas produce indolinedione, which protects the embryo from fungal infections (11). In squid, bacteria live as symbionts in the adult accessory nidamental gland, and the bacteria are secreted onto the egg jelly and chorion at spawning (12).…”

Section: Protective Strategies Independent Of Developmental Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryo stability and vulnerability in an always changing world

Hamdoun

Epel

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

318

266

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Contrary to the view that embryos and larvae are the most fragile stages of life, development is stable under real-world conditions. Early cleavage embryos are prepared for environmental vagaries by having high levels of cellular defenses already present in the egg before fertilization. Later in development, adaptive responses to the environment either buffer stress or produce alternative developmental phenotypes. These buffers, defenses, and alternative pathways set physiological limits for development under expected conditions; teratology occurs when embryos encounter unexpected environmental changes and when stress exceeds these limits. Of concern is that rapid anthropogenic changes to the environment are beyond the range of these protective mechanisms.

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“…Treatment of the embryos by antibacterial agents inhibited the growth of the bacteria, but all the embryos died from infec- tion by the fungus Lagenidium callinectes. In fact, the bacterial metabolite isatin protects the shrimp embryos against fungal overgrowth (Gil-Turnes et al 1989). Dibromotyrosines are common metabolites from Aplysina sponges (Minale et al 1976) that have been proposed as chemotaxonomic markers of the order Verongida (Berquist and Wells 1983).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary metabolites from marine microorganisms

Kelecom

2002

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

163

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After 40 years of intensive research, chemistry of marine natural products has become a mature field. Since 1995, there are signals of decreased interest in the search of new metabolites from traditional sources such as macroalgae and octocorals, and the number of annual reports on marine sponges stabilized. On the contrary, metabolites from microorganisms is a rapidly growing field, due, at least in part, to the suspicion that a number of metabolites obtained from algae and invertebrates may be produced by associated microorganisms. Studies are concerned with bacteria and fungi, isolated from seawater, sediments, algae, fish and mainly from marine invertebrates such as sponges, mollusks, tunicates, coelenterates and crustaceans. Although it is still to early to define tendencies, it may be stated that the metabolites from microorganisms are in most cases quite different from those produced by the invertebrate hosts. Nitrogenated metabolites predominate over acetate derivatives, and terpenes are uncommon. Among the latter, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes and carotenes have been isolated; among nitrogenated metabolites, amides, cyclic peptides and indole alkaloids predominate.

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Symbiotic Marine Bacteria Chemically Defend Crustacean Embryos from a Pathogenic Fungus

Cited by 379 publications

References 16 publications

Effects of epibiosis on consumer-prey interactions

Effects of epibiosis on consumer-prey interactions

Embryo stability and vulnerability in an always changing world

Secondary metabolites from marine microorganisms

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