Symbiont nitrogenase, alder growth, and soil nitrate response to phosphorus addition in alder (Alnus incana ssp. rugosa) wetlands of the Adirondack Mountains, New York State, USA

Gökkaya, Kemal; Hurd, Todd M.; Raynal, Dudley J.

doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.10.004

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A delayed response in crop growth to P fertilization is often found compared with faster responses for other nutrients such as nitrogen (Weil 2000;Gökkaya et al 2006). The positive affect of added P on nodulation agreed with previous research showing increased nodule number after P fertilization in N 2 -fixing tree species such as Leucaena (Sanginga et al 1991).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Soil phosphorus and water effects on growth, nutrient and carbohydrate concentrations, δ13C, and nodulation of mimosa (Albizia julibrissin Durz.) on a highly weathered soil

Ares

Burner²,

Bräuer

2009

Agroforest Syst

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Growth and physiological performance of multipurpose tree species can be severely constrained by low phosphorus (P) availability in highly weathered soils. Limitations to plant growth are accentuated by seasonal dry periods. The overall objective of this study was to examine P fertilization and irrigation effects on survival, growth, biomass partitioning, foliar nutrients, intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUE) indexed by d 13 C, Rhizobium nodulation, and carbohydrate content as an indicator of resprouting potential, of mimosa (Albizia julibrissin Durz.), a N 2 -fixing tree species being tested for browse in agroforestry practices in south-central USA. In a field experiment carried out during two growing seasons near Booneville, Arkansas, USA, mimosa had a strong growth response to irrigation. The trial was arranged in a split plot design with three replications with irrigation as main plot treatment and P as sub-plot treatment. Mean total plant aboveground biomass at the end of the second growing season was 9.8 and 44.1 g plant -1 for the rainfed treatment without and with 300 mm of irrigation water, respectively. Placed P fertilization increased mean total aboveground biomass from 19 g plant -1 for the 0-P treatment to 69 g plant -1 for the treatment with 90 kg P ha -1 year -1 . Similarly, irrigation consistently increased stem basal diameter, total height, survival, root, stem, foliar and total aboveground biomass, and number of nodules per plant. Phosphorus fertilization increased basal diameter, and root and stem biomass in both irrigation treatments, survival and nodulation in the rainfed treatment, and foliar and total aboveground biomass in the rainfed ?300 mm irrigation treatment. There was a decrease of foliar d 13 C suggesting that WUE decreased with P fertilization. In a pot experiment, seedlings were subjected to a factorial combination of two irrigation treatments and six P levels in a randomized complete block design. Irrigation increased basal diameter, root, stem, foliar and total biomass, leaf area and nodulation, whereas P fertilization (i.e., levels from 0 to 3.68 g P kg -1 soil) had similar effect in all the above variables except foliar biomass. Foliar P concentration to obtain 90% of the maximum total plant biomass (critical level) was estimated at 0.157%. Total nonstructural and water soluble carbohydrate, and starch concentrations increased non-linearly with irrigation and P addition suggesting impaired re-growth potential after defoliation of seedlings with reduced water supply and at low soil P availability. Results of this study indicated strong limitations for growth and regrowth potential of mimosa on a highly weathered soil with very low P availability and seasonal water content shortages. Placed (i.e., near the plant base) application of P appeared to be a good strategy to fertilize perennial woody plants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Soil phosphorus and water effects on growth, nutrient and carbohydrate concentrations, δ13C, and nodulation of mimosa (Albizia julibrissin Durz.) on a highly weathered soil

Ares

Burner²,

Bräuer

2009

Agroforest Syst

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“…Uri et al (2002) reported that a young speckled alder stand planted at high density (1 × 0.7 m) on an abandoned agricultural land was able to produce 1.97 t of dry mass per hectare four years after planting. A potential risk of elevated N leaching from the ecosystem as a result of the N-rich litter input can partially be counteracted by P fertilization (Gökkaya et al 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of pulverized limestone and amphibolite mixture on the growth performance of Alnus incana (L.) Moench plantation on an acidified mountain site

Kuneš¹,

Balcar²,

Benešová³

et al. 2009

J. For. Sci.

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Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) is naturally a principal tree species in the upper and summit parts of the Jizerské hory Mts., nonetheless, a broadleaved admixture, such as European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.), birch (Betula sp.), sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) etc., was typical of the local indigenous forests. The broadleaved admixture has been reduced due to human activities in the course of history.Moreover, during the air-pollution disaster in the 1970s and 1980s, the allochthonous conifers were often cultivated in the most affected mountain parts (Pěnička 2007) for their better pollution resistance. Blue spruce (Picea pungens Engelmann) is the most important representative. At present, when the disaster is over and the air-pollution input to the forest ecosystems is lowered, these allochthonous stands should successively be converted into stands composed of more convenient native tree species (Balcar, Kacálek 2008a).The young coniferous plantations, which have replaced the old forests disturbed by pollution, are The aim of the experiment was to test the suitability of Alnus incana to form preparatory stands covering the site and thus enabling the reintroduction of more sensitive target species. A potential of Alnus incana to respond to slow-release fertilizing was tested as well. The control treatment showed sufficient growth dynamics, nevertheless, the fertilization significantly promoted the growth (documented by height, height increment and stem-base diameter). If some limitations of alder such as high light requirements are respected, the speckled alder can be recommended as a suitable species for preparatory stands even in the 7 th and 8 th altitudinal (vegetation) zones, especially when fertilized.

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“…Greenhouse studies show that actinorhizal plants often up-regulate nitrogenase activity, nodule production, and biomass partitioning to nodules as mechanisms to increase plant growth when fertilized with P (Uliassi et al 2000. A limited number of field studies have measured N-fixation rates following P fertilization (Vitousek 1999, Uliassi and Ruess 2002, Gokkaya et al 2006) and along natural gradients of soil P availability (Pearson and Vitousek 2001). However, measures of nodule biomass in natural stands are rare (Pearson and Vitousek 2001, Uliassi and Ruess 2002), and we know of no field study that has quantified biomass partitioning to nodules.…”

Section: Fertilization Effects On N Fixation and Plant N:p Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem‐level consequences of symbiont partnerships in an N‐fixing shrub from interior Alaskan floodplains

Ruess

Anderson

McFarland

et al. 2013

Ecological Monographs

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In long-lived N-fixing plants, environmental conditions affecting plant growth and N demand vary at multiple temporal and spatial scales, and symbiont assemblages on a given host and patterns of allocation to nodule activities have been shown to vary according to environmental factors, suggesting that hosts may alter partner choice and manipulate symbiont assemblages based on shifting plant needs. This study assessed economic trade-offs among N-fixing symbionts of thin-leaf alder (Alnus tenuifolia) by examining whether alderFrankia associations change in response to the up-regulation (P fertilization) and downregulation (N-fertilization) of N-fixation activities, and whether these changes are associated with differences among Frankia partners in their relative C cost and/or N benefit to A. tenuifolia.Relative to control plots, alder in þP plots had significantly higher nodule biomass and Nfixation rates; these parameters were significantly lower in þN plots, translating to stand-level N inputs that were more than an order of magnitude greater in þP than þN plots. Nodule respiration and N-fixation rates were positively correlated, and analyses revealed that alder employs mechanisms to increase the efficiency of C use when N fixation is up-regulated. Of the eight Frankia OTUs (operational taxonomic units) identified, two were dominant, with significant differences in Frankia OTU composition across samples being explained by fertilization treatment. Dominant OTUs had similar up-and down-regulatory responses to treatments but differed in C costs of N fixation, while the most abundant sub-dominant failed to up-regulate N-fixation rates in þP plots. Differences among Frankia OTUs in traits relevant to plant performance may form the basis for host choice and explain successional shifts in alder-Frankia assemblages. We suggest that manipulation of Frankia assemblages is an adaptation for a species such as A. tenuifolia that maintains a high dependence on atmospheric N across radically different growth environments. Because of the strong effects of thin-leaf alder on soil N contents, it appears that host changes in C partitioning to nodule activities, including the physiological consequences of host specificity for Frankia assemblages, results in alder both driving and responding to environmental heterogeneity at small to large spatial scales.

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Symbiont nitrogenase, alder growth, and soil nitrate response to phosphorus addition in alder (Alnus incana ssp. rugosa) wetlands of the Adirondack Mountains, New York State, USA

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Soil phosphorus and water effects on growth, nutrient and carbohydrate concentrations, δ13C, and nodulation of mimosa (Albizia julibrissin Durz.) on a highly weathered soil

Soil phosphorus and water effects on growth, nutrient and carbohydrate concentrations, δ13C, and nodulation of mimosa (Albizia julibrissin Durz.) on a highly weathered soil

Influence of pulverized limestone and amphibolite mixture on the growth performance of Alnus incana (L.) Moench plantation on an acidified mountain site

Ecosystem‐level consequences of symbiont partnerships in an N‐fixing shrub from interior Alaskan floodplains

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