Switching of a photochromic molecule on gold electrodes: single-molecule measurements

He, Jin; Chen, Fan; Liddell, Paul A.; Andréasson, Joakim; Straight, Stephen D.; Gust, Devens; Moore, Thomas A.; Moore, Ana L.; Li, Jun; Sankey, Otto F.; Lindsay, Stuart

doi:10.1088/0957-4484/16/6/012

Cited by 171 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…A diarylethene derivative with one CH 2 group separating the aromatic unit of the switch from the gold surface was investigated using a repetitive break junction method based on STM (48). Statistical analysis of the single-molecule conductance properties is possible as a gold probe is pushed repeatedly into a gold surface and withdrawn again to form a thin gold filament in a solution containing the switchable molecules.…”

Section: Trans Isomermentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Switching of Molecules on Surfaces

Browne

Feringa

2009

Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem.

274

254

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Smart surfaces, surfaces that respond to an external stimulus in a defined manner, hold considerable potential as components in molecular-based devices, not least as discrete switching elements. Many stimuli can be used to switch surfaces between different states, including redox, light, pH, and ion triggers. The present review focuses on molecular switching through the electronic excitation of molecules on surfaces with light. In developing light-responsive surfaces, investigators face several challenges, not only in achieving high photostationary states and fully reversible switching, but also in dealing with fatigue resistance and the effect of immobilization itself on molecular properties. The immobilization of light-responsive molecules requires the design and synthesis of functional molecular components both to achieve light switching and to anchor the molecular entity onto a surface. This review discusses several demonstrative examples of photoswitchable molecular systems in which the photochemistry has been explored in the immobilized state under ambient conditions and especially on electroactive surfaces, including self-assembled monolayers, bilayers, and polymer films.

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Section: Trans Isomermentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Switching of Molecules on Surfaces

Browne

Feringa

2009

Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem.

274

254

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“…This may be attributable to intrinsic changes in electronic coupling through the thiol link for different local link configurations [3]. Experiments are performed using diverse platforms to probe either the conductance of one or a few molecules forming a circuit [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] or to probe a small patch of molecules forming an interface in an ensemble measurement [15][16][17]. While progress has been made in comparing different approaches [18], significant puzzles remain, for instance the substantial differences that have been observed between ensemble and single molecule measurements for the same species [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amine-linked single-molecule circuits: systematic trends across molecular families

Hybertsen¹,

Venkataraman²,

Klare³

et al. 2008

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

152

198

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Abstract.A comprehensive review is presented of single molecule junction conductance measurements across families of molecules measured while breaking a gold point contact in a solution of molecules with amine end groups. A theoretical framework unifies the picture for the amine-gold link bonding and the tunnel coupling through the junction using Density Functional Theory based calculations. The reproducible electrical characteristics and utility for many molecules is shown to result from the selective binding between the gold electrodes and amine link groups through a donor-acceptor bond to undercoordinated gold atoms. While the bond energy is modest, the maximum force sustained by the junction is comparable to, but less than, that required to break gold point contacts. The calculated tunnel coupling provides conductance trends for all 41 molecule measurements presented here, as well as insight into the variability of conductance due to the conformational changes within molecules with torsional degrees of freedom. The calculated trends agree to within a factor of two of the measured values for conductance ranging from 10 -7 G 0 to 10 -2 G 0 , where G 0 is the quantum of conductance (2e 2 /h).

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“…9 Mixed valence compounds with molecular bridges comprised of units that can undergo reversible 45 photoisomerization reactions are well suited, simple model systems for investigating how charge delocalization can be affected with light. The first three reports on photoswitchable mixed valence appeared in 1996 and 2000, [10][11][12] but then this field of research has been dormant until 2006, when it finally 50 experienced a revival. 13 This tutorial review reports on the most significant findings from this emerging field, with particular focus on the contributions made by the groups of Launay, Akita, Nishihara, and the author's own research team.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current article simply reflects what in the author's view represents the current state-of-the-art in the field of photoswitchable mixed valence. An important aspect in mixed valence chemistry is the distance dependence of electron transfer: The shorter the electron transfer 50 distance, the more spectacular the mixed valence phenomenon is likely to manifest. 1-2, 4, 14-16 Therefore, one usually has a strong interest in linking two redox-active moieties to the photoswitchable spacer in the closest way possible.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoswitchable mixed valence

Wenger

2012

Chem. Soc. Rev.

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For a molecular electronics technology to be fully serviceable, switching functions will be indispensable. 5 Specifically, it will be desirable to control the conductivity of a given molecule using an external stimulus. Photoswitchable mixed valence systems are comprised of a reversibly photoisomerizable bridging unit connecting two redox-active moieties, and as such represent some of the most simple chemical systems in which switching of charge delocalization can be explored. As photoisomerizable units, dithienylethenes have received much attention in the context of photoswitchable mixed valence, but 10 there are also more exotic examples such as norbornadiene-and dimethyldihydropyrene-based switchable systems. As redox-active units responsible for the mixed valence phenomenon, both metal-containing as well as purely organic moieties have been employed. Typical investigations in this area involve the comparison of cyclic voltammograms and (near-infrared) optical absorption spectra of the two isomeric forms of a given system. The magnitude of the comproportionation constant and evaluation of 15 intervalence absorption bands using appropriate theoretical models yield information regarding the extent of charge delocalization in the two isomeric forms. In several of the compounds investigated so far, the light stimulus induces a substantial increase of charge delocalization, or in the terminology commonly used in mixed valence chemistry, a changeover from class I to class II or even class III behavior.

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Switching of a photochromic molecule on gold electrodes: single-molecule measurements

Cited by 171 publications

References 46 publications

Light Switching of Molecules on Surfaces

Light Switching of Molecules on Surfaces

Amine-linked single-molecule circuits: systematic trends across molecular families

Photoswitchable mixed valence

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