Swine Workers and Swine Influenza Virus Infections

Gray, Gregory C.; McCarthy, Troy; Capuano, Ana W.; Setterquist, Sharon F.; Olsen, Christopher W.; Alavanja, Michael C.R.; Lynch, Charles F.

doi:10.3201/eid1312.061323

Cited by 178 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Although swine-to-human transmission of other strains of influenza has been reported [26,27,28,29], there was no epidemiologic evidence of swine-to-human transmission of pH1N1 in this outbreak. There was also no evidence that passage of the pandemic virus in swine led to biologic changes in the virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Swine Outbreak of Pandemic Influenza A Virus on a Canadian Research Farm Supports Human-to-Swine Transmission

Forgie

Keenliside

Wilkinson

et al. 2011

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Swine Outbreak of Pandemic Influenza A Virus on a Canadian Research Farm Supports Human-to-Swine Transmission

Forgie

Keenliside

Wilkinson

et al. 2011

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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“…This paired polymorphism is present in only three of the 2,849 PB2 sequences derived from human isolates before 2009 (Table S1). Two of these isolates were from individuals that had documented exposure to swine and were infected by ''triple reassortant'' viruses containing human PB1, avian PB2 and PA, and classic swine NP, similar to the 2009 A(H1N1 viruses) (22,23). The SR polymorphism is more prevalent in pigs, present in Ͼ20% of the sequenced isolates, but only appears after the establishment of the triple reassortant swine viruses that emerged in 1998-1999 (24,25).…”

Section: Srmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive strategies of the influenza virus polymerase for replication in humans

Mehle¹,

Doudna

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

331

361

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Transmission of influenza viruses into the human population requires surmounting barriers to cross-species infection. Changes in the influenza polymerase overcome one such barrier. Viruses isolated from birds generally contain polymerases with the aviansignature glutamic acid at amino acid 627 in the PB2 subunit. These polymerases display restricted activity in human cells. An adaptive change in this residue from glutamic acid to the human-signature lysine confers high levels of polymerase activity in human cells. This mutation permits escape from a species-specific restriction factor that targets polymerases from avian viruses. A 2009 swineorigin H1N1 influenza A virus recently established a pandemic infection in humans, even though the virus encodes a PB2 with the restrictive glutamic acid at amino acid 627. We show here that the 2009 H1N1 virus has acquired second-site suppressor mutations in its PB2 polymerase subunit that convey enhanced polymerase activity in human cells. Introduction of this polymorphism into the PB2 subunit of a primary avian isolate also increased polymerase activity and viral replication in human and porcine cells. An alternate adaptive strategy has also been identified, whereby introduction of a human PA subunit into an avian polymerase overcomes restriction in human cells. These data reveal a strategy used by the 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus and identify other pathways by which avian and swine-origin viruses may evolve to enhance replication, and potentially pathogenesis, in humans.2009 A(H1N1) ͉ PB2 ͉ species barriers

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“…Triple reassortant swine infl uenza viruses (containing genes derived from human, swine, and avian infl uenza A viruses) have been isolated from swine in the United States since 1998 (9,10), and human infections with swine reassortant viruses have been documented (11)(12)(13). We report a case of respiratory illness in an adolescent boy associated with swine infl uenza A (H1N1) triple reassortant virus infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Case of Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Triple Reassortant Virus Infection, Wisconsin

Newman

Reisdorf²,

Beinemann³

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Swine Workers and Swine Influenza Virus Infections

Abstract: Swine workers and their spouses are at markedly increased risk of acquiring swine influenza virus infections.

Cited by 178 publications

References 26 publications

Swine Outbreak of Pandemic Influenza A Virus on a Canadian Research Farm Supports Human-to-Swine Transmission

Swine Outbreak of Pandemic Influenza A Virus on a Canadian Research Farm Supports Human-to-Swine Transmission

Adaptive strategies of the influenza virus polymerase for replication in humans

Human Case of Swine Influenza A (H1N1) Triple Reassortant Virus Infection, Wisconsin

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