SWAT parameterization for identification of critical erosion watersheds in the Pirapama River basin, Brazil

Abstract

The aim of this research is to estimate the sediment yield in the Pirapama River Basin and in the area of contribution of the Pirapama Reservoir and to identify areas susceptible to soil erosion for identification of critical erosion watersheds during the period from 2000 to 2010. This study was conducted to design a framework for evaluating and identifying critical erosion in Pirapama watershed, based on the tolerable erosion concept, by using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. SWAT was calibrated and validated for two streamflow stations (Cachoeira Tapada and Destilaria Inexport) for the period from 2000 to 2010. The results show that the simulated data for Cachoeira Tapada station were considered good (NS = 0.68 and R² = 0.71) and very good (PBIAS = 1.46%). Regarding the statistical data in the validation, the values of NS (0.67), R² (0.85), and PBIAS (19.18%) were considered good, very good, and satisfactory, respectively. The statistical data obtained in the calibration of the model for the fluviometric station Destilaria Inexport indicated that the simulated data are considered very good, with R² = 0.84, NS = 0.81, and PBIAS = 2.33%. In the validation, the statistics showed values consistent with the literature, with NS = 0.72, R² = 0.86, and PBIAS =-19.11%, which are considered good, very good, and satisfactory, respectively. The estimated average sediment yield in the Pirapama River basin ranged from 0.10 to 129.90 ton/ha.yr. The results of the sediment yield estimates in the contribution area of the Pirapama Reservoir showed that the mean sediment yield of the sub-basins upstream of the Pirapama Reservoir was 61.49 ton/ha.yr for the period analyzed. According to the annual estimates performed, 5.59 ton/ha.yr of this amount reaches the Pirapama Reservoir, which corresponds to 9% of the soil losses incident in the area. Thus, the sub-basins upstream of the Pirapama Reservoir were identified as portions of the basin that are susceptible to the erosion process. Sediment yield in these portions can interfere with the volume of water of the Pirapama Reservoir when the eroded material is carried to the depth of the lake.

Evaluation of gridded meteorological datasets and their potential hydrological application to a humid area with scarce data for Pirapama River basin, northeastern Brazil

“…The monthly average temperature varies between 26 and 28°C, while the air relative humidity is higher than 70% from March to September (CPRH, 2003). Within the rainfall regime, the region has two well-de ned periods: a dry season between September and February with a monthly average rainfall of less than 60 mm and evaporation that exceeds precipitation and a rainy season between March and August, in which the hydrological balance is generally positive (Viana et al, 2019). The annual averages of precipitation and evaporation in the region are approximately 1500 mm and 1200 mm, respectively (Stretta, 2000).…”

“…In this study, the quality of the observed simulated stream ow (Q sim_obs ) and simulated stream ow using TRMMestimated rainfall data (Q sim_TRMM ) were analyzed by the coe cient of determination (R²), and percent bias (PBIAS), according to Silva et al (2013), Viana et al (2019).…”