Sustentabilidad De Las Fincas Productoras De Cacao en Santo Domingo De Los Tsáchilas, Ecuador

Abstract

<p><strong>Background.</strong> Cocoa is a traditional crop and source of economic income for Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador. <strong>Objective.</strong> The objective of this research was to evaluate the sustainability of cocoa-producing farms in the province of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador. <strong>Methodology</strong>. The methodology used to evaluate sustainability was a "Multicriteria Analysis". To obtain information on each of the cocoa farms, a personal survey was conducted with questions related to the three dimensions of sustainability (economic, ecological, sociocultural). Indicators, sub-indicators and quantifiable variables adapted to cocoa cultivation were used to analyze each dimension and general sustainability. <strong>Results.</strong> In this study, it was found that the number of sustainable farms were different from one locality to another, corresponding to the locality of San Jacinto del Búa, the highest number of sustainable farms. At the province level, almost half of cocoa producers (48%) have sustainable farms, that is, they had the three indicators (IK, IE, ISC) and the general sustainability index (I Gen), with values higher than two. <strong>Implications.</strong> In the general analysis of sustainability, one can find “critical points”, at the level of the cocoa sector, such as education and economic risk; but at the farm level, it would be the diversity of nutrient production and recycling. The need to work and eliminate these “critical points” is important, since it would allow sustainability to be achieved on farms that have not yet achieved it, and maintain it for those that have already achieved it. However, the sustainability graphs are very illustrative since in all cases, triangles are drawn with the three sides of practically similar size, which suggests a balance between the three dimensions in said system and is the graph that would best represent the idea of sustainability, as it suggests an equal assessment of the three dimensions of sustainability. <strong>Conclusions.</strong> The sustainability of cocoa-producing farms varies from one place to another and the factors that explain it are also different. The largest number of sustainable farms are found in the town of San Jacinto del Búa; but at the level of the province of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, less than half of the farms are sustainable. The main “critical points”, at the level of the cocoa sector, are education and economic risk; but at the farm level, it is the diversity of nutrient production and recycling. In the three localities and in the province, sustainability graphs a triangle with three sides of practically similar size, which suggests a balance between the three dimensions, that is, an equal assessment of the three dimensions of sustainability.</p>

Caracterización socioeconómica y ambiental de las fincas productoras de cacao nativo en la provincia de Bagua, Perú

“…Con el fin de organizar en grupos se hizo un análisis de conglomerados a partir de las variables con mayor poder discriminante basado en su coeficiente de variabilidad. Para ello se utilizó el método Ward (Anzules et al, 2018).…”

“…En todas las fincas se evidenció cobertura vegetal. Anzules et al (2018), en su investigación sobre caracterización de fincas de cacao en Ecuador reportaron siembras de 3x3 (27,2%) y manejo de plantas de cacao bajo sombra (53,1%), valores menores que los encontrados en este estudio.…”

“…Con respecto al componente ambiental, predominó la cobertura vegetal (81-100%) en las fincas. Anzules et al (2018) observaron que la siembra de plantas de 3x3 y bajo sombra es muy usada en fincas de cacao menores de 20 ha, y que los factores microclimáticos como la temperatura influyen en la disponibilidad de agua, la fertilidad y los nutrientes del suelo afectando la capacidad fisiológica.…”