Sustained behaviour change in healthy eating to improve obesity outcomes: It is time to abandon willpower to appreciate wanting

Vallis, Michael

doi:10.1111/cob.12299

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Food cravings, or “elaborated desires” ( 73 ) also increase with adiposity. A meta-analysis of 45 publications (n > 3000) suggests that greater frequency or intensity of food cravings can promote overeating and predict subsequent weight gain ( 74 ), while a survey of individuals with increased food cravings were more likely to have overweight and obesity as well as engage in sedentary behaviors that promote weight gain, such as spending more hours watching television ( 75 ). Finally, many functional brain imaging studies report strong associations between the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response to beverage and food related stimuli and adiposity or risk for weight gain ( 76 – 82 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No evidence for an association between obesity and milkshake liking

et al. 2020

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Background Prevailing models of obesity posit that hedonic signals override homeostatic mechanisms to promote overeating in today’s food environment. What researchers mean by “hedonic” varies considerably, but most frequently refers to an aggregate of appetitive events including incentive salience, motivation, reinforcement, and perceived pleasantness. Here we define hedonic as orosensory pleasure experienced during eating and set out to test whether there is a relationship between adiposity and the perceived pleasure of a palatable and energy dense milkshake. Methods The perceived liking, wanting and intensity of two palatable and energy-dense milkshakes were assessed using the Labeled Hedonic Scale ( 1 ), visual analogue scale, and Generalized Labeled Magnitude Scale ( 2 ) in 110 individuals ranging in body mass index (BMI) from 19.3 to 52.1 kg/m 2 . Waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and percent body fat were also measured. Importantly, unlike the majority of prior studies, we attempted to standardize internal state by instructing participants to arrive to the laboratory neither hungry nor full and at least one-hour fasted. Data were analyzed with general linear and linear mixed effects models (GLMs). Hunger ratings were also examined prior to hedonic measurement and included as covariates in our analyses. Results We identified a significant association between ratings of hunger and milkshake liking and wanting. By contrast, we found no evidence for a relationship between any measure of adiposity and ratings of milkshake liking, wanting, or intensity. Conclusions We conclude that adiposity is not associated with the pleasure experienced during consumption of our energy-dense and palatable milkshakes. Our results provide further evidence against the hypothesis that heightened hedonic signals drive weight gain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No evidence for an association between obesity and milkshake liking

et al. 2020

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“…16,27,63). Similarly, a meta-analysis of 45 publications (n > 3000) suggests that increased food cravings can promote overeating and predict subsequent weight gain (68), while a survey of individuals with increased food cravings were more likely to have overweight and obesity as well as engage in sedentary behaviors that promote weight gain, such as spending more hours watching television (69). Finally, many functional brain imaging studies report strong associations between brain response to beverage and food related stimuli and adiposity or risk for weight gain (70-76).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No evidence for an association between obesity and food liking

Wall¹,

Farruggia²,

Perszyk³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background: Prevailing models of obesity posit that hedonic signals override homeostatic mechanisms to promote overeating in today’s food environment. What researchers mean by “hedonic” varies considerably, but most frequently refers to an aggregate of appetitive events including incentive salience, motivation, reinforcement, and perceived pleasantness. Here we define hedonic as orosensory pleasure experienced during eating and set out to test whether there is a relationship between adiposity and the perceived pleasure of a palatable and very energy dense milkshake.Methods: The perceived liking, wanting and intensity of two palatable and energy-dense milkshakes were assessed using the labeled hedonic scale (1), visual analogue scale, and Generalized Labeled Magnitude Scale (2) in 110 individuals ranging in body mass index (BMI) from 19.3 to 52.1 kg/m2. Waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and percent body fat were also measured. Importantly, unlike the majority of prior studies, we attempted to standardize internal state by instructing participants to arrive to the laboratory neither hungry nor full and at least one-hour fasted. Hunger ratings were also examined prior to hedonic measurement and included as covariates in our analyses. Results: Data were analyzed with general linear and linear mixed effects models (GLMs). We identified a significant association between ratings of hunger and milkshake liking and wanting. By contrast, we found no evidence for a relationship between any measure of adiposity and ratings of milkshake liking, wanting, or intensity. Conclusions: We conclude that adiposity is not associated with the pleasure experienced during consumption of our energy-dense and palatable milkshakes. Our results provide evidence against the hypothesis that heightened hedonic signals drive weight gain.

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“…The form prepared by the researcher consisted of 27 items (4,8,18). The first 13 items examined the participants' sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender, height, weight, BMI, marital status, employment status, educational status and income level, while the remaining 14 items included those questioning the emotional aspect of eating.…”

Section: Personal Information Formmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many people can eat despite not feeling hungry or continue eating despite being full, and they may consume unhealthy foods with high sugar content and calories (1,2). These problematic eating behaviors may cause people to become overweight or obese quickly (3,4) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data of the Turkish Statistical Institute indicate that 21.1% of the population in Turkey over the age of 15 consists of obese people (7). The increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in society is directly related to people's dietary habits, eating behaviors, social statuses, lifestyles and economic statuses (1,4). People's failure to control their eating behaviors despite using diet, exercise and weight loss programs may also affect their psychological state (3,4,8,9) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Relationship Between Eating Behaviors and Learned Helplessness among the People with Overweight and Affected by Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study

Özdemır¹,

Serin²,

Şahin³

2021

Turkish Journal of Diabetes and Obesity

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Aim: Obesity is a significant public health problem that increasingly concerns the world. Overweight and obese people often cannot control their eating behaviors. Although these people use diet, exercise and weight loss programs, their inability to prevent these behaviors also affects their psychological state. This may lead to learned helplessness. This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the relationship between eating behaviors and learned helplessness in overweight and obese people. Material and Methods:One hundred and fifty-eight overweight and obese people were included in the study. In the data collection process, a Personal Information Form, the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire and the Rosenbaum Learned Resourcefulness Scale were utilized. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were used to analyze the data.Results: A statistically significant relationship was determined between the eating behaviors of the participants and their angry mood and learned helplessness levels. There was no statistically significant relationship between eating behavior dimensions and learned helplessness. Conclusion:As a result, the relationship between appetite and angry mood affects the eating behaviors of overweight and obese people and increases their learned helplessness. Cognitive and behavioral interventions could be recommended as a solution to this problem in preventing learned helplessness in overweight and obese people.

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Sustained behaviour change in healthy eating to improve obesity outcomes: It is time to abandon willpower to appreciate wanting

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

No evidence for an association between obesity and milkshake liking

No evidence for an association between obesity and milkshake liking

No evidence for an association between obesity and food liking

The Relationship Between Eating Behaviors and Learned Helplessness among the People with Overweight and Affected by Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study

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