Sustainable disposal of cement kiln dust in the production of cementitious materials

Abdel‐Gawwad, Hamdy A.; Heikal, Mohamed; Mohammed, Mona S.; El-Aleem, S. Abd; Hassan, Hassan Soltan; García, S.R. Vásquez; Alomayri, Thamer

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.016

Cited by 50 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 68 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Portland cement is mostly made in a rotary kiln [14]. Basically, this is a long cylinder rotating about its axis once every one or two minutes.…”

Section: E Kiln Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If this is the case, a 3-stage cyclone is preferred as the thermal efficiency will not improve when an extra stage is added. e SP unit has a typical unit capacity between 300 and 4000 t/d [14]. In general, a PH tower consists of 1 to 6 cyclone stages, which are disposed one above the other in a tower.…”

Section: E Kiln Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e wet slurry is first dried in an integral dryer crusher, after which it is fed to the PH-PC kiln. is modern process is replacing the conventional method which comprises the long wet rotary kiln (300-3600 t/d) with an internal drying/preheating system [14].…”

Section: E Kiln Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Review on Pyroprocessing Techniques for Selected Wastes Used for Blended Cement Production Applications

Nalobile

Wachira

Thiong’o

et al. 2020

Advances in Civil Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pyroprocessing is an important stage in cement manufacturing. In this process, materials are subjected to high temperatures so as to cause a chemical or physical change. Its control improves efficiency in energy utilization and hence enhances production for good quality assurance. Kilns used in cement manufacturing are complex in nature. They have longer time constants, and raw materials used have variable properties. They are therefore difficult to control. Additionally, the inclusion of various alternative fuels in burning makes the process more complex as the fuel characteristics remain inconsistent throughout the kiln operation. Fuel intensity standards for kilns using fuel oil are very high, ranging from 2.9 GJ to 7.5 GJ/ton of clinker produced. Grinding of clinker consumes power in the range of 2.5 kWh/ton of clinker produced. These and other pyroprocessing parameters make cement production costly. The pyroprocessing process in kilns and the grinding technologies therefore have to be optimized for best processing. This paper discusses the cement manufacturing and grinding processes. The traditional kiln technologies and the current and emerging technologies together with general fuel and energy requirements of cement manufacturing have been discussed. From the discussion, it has been established that the cement manufacturing and grinding technologies are capital-intensive investments. The kiln processes are advanced and use both electricity and natural fuels which are expensive and limited factors of production. The raw materials used in cement manufacturing are also limited and sometimes rare. The calcination of the raw materials requires external energy input which has contributed to the high cost of cement especially to low-income population in the developing countries. Self-calcining materials, in which the pozzolanic materials burn on their own, are potential pozzolanic materials with great potential to lower the cost of cement production. Such materials, as shown from the previous research study, are rice husks, broken bricks, spent bleaching earth, and lime sludge. There is a need, therefore, for research to look into ways of making cement using kiln processes that would use this property. This will be cost-effective if successful. It can be done at micro- and small-scale enterprise.

show abstract

“…Portland cement is mostly made in a rotary kiln [14]. Basically, this is a long cylinder rotating about its axis once every one or two minutes.…”

Section: E Kiln Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: E Kiln Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Review on Pyroprocessing Techniques for Selected Wastes Used for Blended Cement Production Applications

Nalobile

Wachira

Thiong’o

et al. 2020

Advances in Civil Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, cracks in cement concrete induced by the effect of external forces, huge hydration heat or other corrosion effect usually decrease the mechanical strength and durability of cement concrete. In practical engineering, the cracking is often restrained by adding expansion agent to compensate the shrinkage, when concrete is in the early curing stage [1,7,10,11]. Calcium oxide and calcium sulphoaluminate are two kinds of expansive agent which has been used for the prevention of concrete cracks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Assembly Unit of Expansive Agents on the Mechanical Performance and Durability of Cement-Based Materials

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper studies the influence of assembly unit of expansive agents (CaO and calcium sulphoaluminate) on the limited and free compressive strengths, the limited expansion rate, carbonation resistance, chloride ion penetration resistance and corrosion resistance of reinforcement concrete. The dosages of expansive agent were 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12% by the total amount of cementitious materials. Two kinds of mineral admixture (blast furnace slag and fly ash) were applied in this study. Results show that suitable dosage (lower than or equal to 9%) of double expansion agent with a large amount of mineral admixtures can improve the limited and free compressive strengths. However, when the dosage of the double expansion agent is higher than 9%, the addition of the double expansion agent leads to the reduction of limited and free compressive strengths. The variation of the limit expansion rate reaches the maximum value when the curing age is 14 days. The increasing addition of expansive agents and lower water-binder ratio demonstrate positive effect on the limited expansion rate. Concrete with 60% mineral admixtures (fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag) shows lower limited expansion rate and higher compressive strength than the concrete with 50% mineral admixtures. Finally, the incorporation of double expansion agent can improve the resistance to carbonation, chloride ion penetration resistance, anti-corrosion of steel bars and mechanical strengths (the limited and free compressive strengths).

show abstract

“…These studies conducted on various soil mechanical behavior such as unconfined compressive strength (UCS) [19][20], liquefaction [21][22], tire and waste [23][24][25][26][27] shear strength [28][29][30], consolidation, permeability [31][32]. While the applications of kiln dust (KD) were evident in literature [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40], the review of the previous studies showed that no studies conducted to investigate shear behavior of the soil composite of kiln dust (KD) and fiber when mixed with clay. Fabric of soil is an important factor in stress concept [41][42][43][44][45][46] and therefore bentonite due its complex nature requires more attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Kiln dust- Bentonite Composite Behavior

Keramatikerman¹

2020

IJETER

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study investigates effect of addition of Kiln dust and fiber on shear behavior of the bentonite clay. To do so, a series of direct shear tests were defined and were tested on the composite materials. A constant value of 2% for fiber, and 5, 10, and 15% kiln dust (KD) was mixed with bentonite clay and the optimum moisture content (OMC) and the maximum dry density (MDD) was recorded at the first stage. In the second stage, specimens were prepared according to the acquired parameters in the compaction testing and the test conducted under three normal stress of 100, 150, and 200 kPa. The results showed that increasing the kiln dust improved shear behavior of the bentonite clay.

show abstract

Sustainable disposal of cement kiln dust in the production of cementitious materials

Cited by 50 publications

References 68 publications

A Review on Pyroprocessing Techniques for Selected Wastes Used for Blended Cement Production Applications

A Review on Pyroprocessing Techniques for Selected Wastes Used for Blended Cement Production Applications

Effect of Assembly Unit of Expansive Agents on the Mechanical Performance and Durability of Cement-Based Materials

Investigation on Kiln dust- Bentonite Composite Behavior

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About