Sustainable development and environmental security in the countries of the circumpolar north

Abstract

The article presents a comparative analysis of the sustainable development of eight circumpolar countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, the USA, Canada, Denmark, and Iceland. Sustainability is understood as the interdependent development of five spheres of human activity: economic, industrial, social, demographic, innovative-technological, and ecological. Each sphere is assessed in terms of endogenous variables that are influenced by exogenous factors. The demographic sphere is evaluated by population; the social – by the human development index (HDI); economic-industrial – GDP per capita (PPP); environmental – extent of exposure of the population to particulate matter in the atmosphere having a diameter of 2.5 μm; innovative-technological – by high-tech exports. The novelty lies in the analysis of the sustainable development of the respective countries using ADL-modelling. Five interdependent econometric equations are presented along with a method for calculating coefficients. The concept of economic, social and environmental sustainability coefficients is introduced. Each country’s sustainability index was calculated as the geometric mean index of economic, social and environmental sustainability. The results of a comparison of the circumpolar countries according to the sustainable development index are presented. The model can predict the development of each sphere of the respective country’s life-sustaining functions and determine the predicted values of the country’s sustainable development index, as well as to compare the development of countries on sustainable development and environmental safety.

Untitled

“…The traditional role of state bodies is to develop health and social security through non-profit organizations, while private institutions seek to increase profits, but with less risky indicators (Matveeva 2021). Public and private sector initiatives are often designed to fulfil the goals of health policy: increasing access, promoting equity, reducing operating costs, reducing the burden of government in providing services, and eliminating the imbalance between the public and private sectors (for example, in the personnel sector and the availability of resources) (Skripnuk et al 2019). The following factors are important to maintain successful and sustainable PPPs: reliability, technological potential, a focus on patients, competence, and flexibility.…”

Transformation Of Innovative Economy: Digital Platforms And Id Tech Sphere Development

“…Market capitalization indicator (at the beginning of the year) of the most expensive companies in the world A year earlier, we analysed the ranking of the most expensive companies in the world by market capitalization indicator (Gagulina et al, 2020). Comparing these data with the growth in market capitalization over the period from the beginning of 2000 to the beginning of 2001, we note that the companies entering the top ten companies in the world at the beginning of 2021 by this indicator are "growing" at gigantic pace.…”