Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging in the Diagnosis of Early Basal Ganglia Germinoma

Lou, Xin; Ma, Lin; Wang, F.-L.; Tang, Zihao; Huang, Howard J.; Cai, Yangting; Wong, Edward

doi:10.3174/ajnr.a1696

Cited by 23 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In a recent study, SWI was shown to be useful for early detection and tracking of rare basal ganglia germinomas [ 33 ] . Multiple studies have shown SWI to be better than almost any other widely used sequence for detecting blood and blood products [ 21 , 26 ] .…”

Section: Mass Differential and Tumor Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical applications of susceptibility-weighted imaging in detecting and grading intracranial gliomas: a review

Mohammed¹,

Hong²,

Haibin³

et al. 2013

Cancer Imaging

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Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a technique that exploits the susceptibility difference between tissues to provide contrast for different regions of the brain. In essence, it uses the deoxygenated hemoglobin of veins, hemosiderin of hemorrhage, etc. as intrinsic contrast agents, allowing for much better visualization of blood and microvessels even without administration of an external contrast agent. It is a fast-evolving field that is being constantly improved and increasingly implemented with updates in relevant technology. Multiple studies have been done on the role of SWI in the management of various neurologic disorders and it is also being seen as a further step in the neuroradiologist’s goal of being able to noninvasively grade tumors in order to influence therapy. This article briefly reviews the evolution of SWI since its conception and provides the reader with a comprehensive summary of various studies that have been done on its application for detecting and grading intraaxial brain tumors, specifically gliomas. Other useful magnetic resonance techniques that have shown promise in grading gliomas are also discussed.

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Section: Mass Differential and Tumor Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical applications of susceptibility-weighted imaging in detecting and grading intracranial gliomas: a review

Mohammed¹,

Hong²,

Haibin³

et al. 2013

Cancer Imaging

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“…Since the basal ganglia are especially rich in iron content tumor invasion could cause a disruption of its axonal transport and lead to abnormal iron accumulation within the lesion's vicinity. [7] Another hypothesis involves the possible germinoma paracrine secretion of transferrin that activates glial cell receptors to promote the transport of iron to the globus pallidus. [7] Apparently, this patient's initial subtle left pallidal DWI and GRE signal changes should have alerted the responsible clinician to arrange for an interval MRI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2] Typical radiological features of advanced disease are well-described, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealing the presence of hemicerebral atrophy, a reliable early sign, is seldom reported. [23456789] We describe a patient where interval disease progression was seen 2 years after presenting with non-specific progressive hemiparesis. The initial finding of hemicerebral atrophy and subtle left globus pallidus signal changes on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and gradient-echo (GRE) imaging were the first diagnostic clues of an underlying basal ganglia germinoma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive hemiparesis in a young man: Hemicerebral atrophy as the initial manifestation of basal ganglia germinoma

et al. 2017

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Basal ganglia germinomas are rare and patients are classically young Oriental males presenting with gradually progressive hemiparesis. Although early treatment with chemo-radiotherapy can be curative and significantly improve the quality of life, medical attention is often delayed. A young Chinese male experienced a 6-month history of right hemiparesis with magnetic resonance imaging findings of hemicerebral atrophy and lentiform nucleus microhemorrhage, highly suggestive and early signs of basal ganglia germinomas. No further imaging was performed until 2 years later when he was admitted for acute neurological deterioration and a repeat scan revealed a large infiltrative tumor pathologically confirmed to be a pure germinoma.

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“…4). 76,112,118 In cases in which tumors 67,84,86 or medical conditions 68,98 present similar imaging findings, SWI can help in the dif- ferential diagnosis. For example, SWI can help differentiate between brain abscess and necrotic GBM; a dual hypointense rim sign appears for the brain abscess ( Fig.…”

Section: Detecting and Diagnosing Brain Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6) but not for the GBM. 30,98 In more complex cases, Lou et al 67,68 reported that SWI can detect and differentiate basal ganglia germinoma from subacute lacunar infarct. Currently, some researches are distinguishing brain tumors from multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques by using SWI.…”

Section: Detecting and Diagnosing Brain Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance susceptibility weighted imaging in neurosurgery: current applications and future perspectives

Ieva¹,

Lam²,

Alcaide‐Leon

et al. 2015

JNS

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T he initial development of MR venography by Reichenbach et al. 90 laid the foundation for Haacke et al. 42 to apply the principles of MR venography in conventional MRI for broader usage in clinical and research settings. By utilizing magnitude and phase information, both of which are normally acquired from conventional MRI data, susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) has an enhanced ability to detect microhemorrhages 4,12,26 and microvasculature. 26,27,41,92 It is a highly sensitive imaging modality able to depict magnetic substances, such as deoxygenated hemoglobin, with high contrast 42 and to help investigate neurological diseases, 82 grade tumors, 25,63 and assist in determining treatment or prognosis. 18,26,37,70,71,115 Over the past years, the SWI technique has found applications in the different fields of neurosurgery, namely neurooncology, vascular neurosurgery, neurotraumatolabbreviatioNs AVM = arteriovenous malformation; CCM = cerebral cavernous malformation; CMB = cerebral microbleed; CVS = cortical vessel sign; DAI = diffuse axonal injury; DBS = deep brain stimulation; DWI = diffusion-weighted imaging; GBM = glioblastoma multiforme; GCS = Glasgow Coma Scale; GPe = external globus pallidus; GPi = internal GP; GRE = gradient-recalled echo; ITSS = intratumoral susceptibility signal; mIP = minimum intensity projection; MRA = MR angiography; MS = multiple sclerosis; PD = proton density; PQ = percentagewise quantification; PWI = perfusion-weighted imaging; SN = substantia nigra; STN = subthalamic nucleus; SWI = susceptibility weighted imaging; TBI = traumatic brain injury; VM = vascular malformation. Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is a relatively new imaging technique. Its high sensitivity to hemorrhagic components and ability to depict microvasculature by means of susceptibility effects within the veins allow for the accurate detection, grading, and monitoring of brain tumors. This imaging modality can also detect changes in blood flow to monitor stroke recovery and reveal specific subtypes of vascular malformations. In addition, small punctate lesions can be demonstrated with SWI, suggesting diffuse axonal injury, and the location of these lesions can help predict neurological outcome in patients. This imaging technique is also beneficial for applications in functional neurosurgery given its ability to clearly depict and differentiate deep midbrain nuclei and close submillimeter veins, both of which are necessary for presurgical planning of deep brain stimulation. By exploiting the magnetic susceptibilities of substances within the body, such as deoxyhemoglobin, calcium, and iron, SWI can clearly visualize the vasculature and hemorrhagic components even without the use of contrast agents. The high sensitivity of SWI relative to other imaging techniques in showing tumor vasculature and microhemorrhages suggests that it is an effective imaging modality that provides additional information not shown using conventional MRI. Despite SWI's clinical advantages, its implementation in MRI protocols is st...

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Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging in the Diagnosis of Early Basal Ganglia Germinoma

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Clinical applications of susceptibility-weighted imaging in detecting and grading intracranial gliomas: a review

Clinical applications of susceptibility-weighted imaging in detecting and grading intracranial gliomas: a review

Progressive hemiparesis in a young man: Hemicerebral atrophy as the initial manifestation of basal ganglia germinoma

Magnetic resonance susceptibility weighted imaging in neurosurgery: current applications and future perspectives

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