Susceptibility profile of Brazilian Rhodococcus equi isolates against azithromycin, clarithromycin and erythromycin

Gressler, Letícia Trevisan; Silveira, Bibiana Petri da; Schwab, Marcelo Luís; Vargas, Águeda Castagna de; Pötter, Luciana; Botton, Sônia de Ávila

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20140746

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…MRS agar plates were overlaid with 1% soft agar which contained about 200 µ l of each culture, then paper discs were placed on the plates and antibiotics were applied onto the discs at different concentrations, and the diameters of inhibition zones were measured after 24 h incubation at 39°C using a special ruler [ 19 ]. The average of the three replicates was recorded for each treatment, and then the antibiotic sensitivity was determined using Clinical and Laboratory Standard Procedures (Papich [ 20 ]) for clarithromycin [ 21 ] and Clinical and Laboratory Standard Procedures (CLSI M31-A3, [ 22 ]) for ampicillin and amoxicillin [ 23 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Potential Probiotic Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Camel Colostrum by Biochemical and Molecular Methods

Safi,

Haddad,

Hasan

et al. 2023

Veterinary Medicine International

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A total of 60 isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from Jordanian camel colostrum using biochemical and molecular methods. Two dominant species were identified, and they were Lactobacillus salivarius and Enterococcus faecium. The entire 60 isolated LAB were tested for their acidity and bile tolerance, antimicrobial activity, and antibiotic sensitivity to test their potential probiotic activity. All 60 isolates were tolerant to different pH concentrations (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10) with different survival rates (%). The entire isolates were also tolerant to different bile salt concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 2, and 3) with different bile resistance (%). All isolates have a different range of antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Salmonella typhimurium. The 60 isolates were almost sensitive to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin when different concentrations were used except some isolates of intermediate resistance. Only 6% of the isolates were resistant to clarithromycin at a concentration of 15 µg per disc.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Potential Probiotic Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Camel Colostrum by Biochemical and Molecular Methods

Safi,

Haddad,

Hasan

et al. 2023

Veterinary Medicine International

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“…Rhodococcus equi ( R. equi ) is a gram‐positive, facultative, intracellular pathogen of macrophages and a soil saprophytic bacterium 1,2 . Inhalation of airborne R. equi can cause a severe form of pneumonia in foals between ages 1 and 6 months that is prevalent at large breeding farms worldwide 3–21 . Although pyogranulomatous bronchopneumonia is the most common clinical manifestation of R. equi infection in foals, extrapulmonary disorders such as uveitis, polysynovitis, and intra‐abdominal abscesses also occur 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfusion of hyperimmune plasma for protecting foals against Rhodococcus equi pneumonia

Kahn

Cohen

Bordin

et al. 2022

Equine Veterinary Journal

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The bacterium Rhodococcus equi causes pneumonia in foals that is prevalent at breeding farms worldwide. In the absence of an effective vaccine, transfusion of commercial plasma from donor horses hyperimmunised against R. equi is used by many farms to reduce the incidence of pneumonia among foals at farms where the disease is endemic. The effectiveness of hyperimmune plasma for controlling R. equi pneumonia in foals has varied considerably among reports. The purposes of this narrative review are: (1) to review early studies that provided a foundational basis for the practice of transfusion of hyperimmune plasma that is widespread in the United States and in many other countries; (2) to summarise current knowledge of hyperimmune plasma for preventing R. equi pneumonia; (3) to provide an interpretive summary of probable explanations for the variable results among studies evaluating the effectiveness of transfusion of hyperimmune plasma for reducing the incidence of R. equi pneumonia; (4) to review mechanisms by which hyperimmune plasma might mediate protection; and (5) to consider risks of transfusing foals with hyperimmune plasma. Although the weight of evidence supports the practice of transfusing foals with hyperimmune plasma to prevent R. equi pneumonia, many important gaps in our knowledge of this topic remain including the volume/dose of hyperimmune plasma to be transfused, the timing(s) of transfusion, and the mechanism(s) by which hyperimmune plasma mediates protection. Transfusing foals with hyperimmune plasma is expensive, labourintensive, and carries risks for foals; therefore, alternative approaches for passive and active immunisation to prevent R. equi pneumonia are greatly needed.

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| EPIDEMI OLOGYThe major developments in the epidemiology of R. equi pneumonia in recent years have been the impact of screening tests for earlier detection of disease and the emergence of macrolide-and rifampinresistant strains of R. equi, predominately in North America. These interrelated developments are reviewed below.

| Impact of screening on epidemiology of R. equi pneumonia in foalsRhodococcus equi causes pneumonia in foals that generally progresses insidiously.

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confidence: 99%

“…Pneumonia in foals caused by Rhodococcus equi is a problem of global importance for equine health. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The purpose of this review is to summarise recent developments in our understanding of the epidemiology, immunity, treatment, and prevention of R. equi pneumonia in foals, with an emphasis on the information of practical importance for managing and controlling this disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhodococcus equifoal pneumonia: Update on epidemiology, immunity, treatment and prevention

Bordin

Huber

Sanz

et al. 2022

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Pneumonia in foals caused by Rhodococcus equi is a problem of global importance for equine health. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] The purpose of this review is to summarise recent developments in our understanding of the epidemiology, immunity, treatment, and prevention of R. equi pneumonia in foals, with an emphasis on the information of practical importance for managing and controlling this disease. | EPIDEMI OLOGYThe major developments in the epidemiology of R. equi pneumonia in recent years have been the impact of screening tests for earlier detection of disease and the emergence of macrolide-and rifampinresistant strains of R. equi, predominately in North America. These interrelated developments are reviewed below. | Impact of screening on epidemiology of R. equi pneumonia in foalsRhodococcus equi causes pneumonia in foals that generally progresses insidiously. 16 Early in the course of disease, body

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Susceptibility profile of Brazilian Rhodococcus equi isolates against azithromycin, clarithromycin and erythromycin

Abstract: Rhodococcus equi infection treatment is usually a macrolide (azithromycin -AZM, clarithromycin -CLR and erythromycin -ERY) and rifampicin combination. However

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Characterization of Potential Probiotic Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Camel Colostrum by Biochemical and Molecular Methods

Characterization of Potential Probiotic Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Camel Colostrum by Biochemical and Molecular Methods

Transfusion of hyperimmune plasma for protecting foals against Rhodococcus equi pneumonia

Rhodococcus equifoal pneumonia: Update on epidemiology, immunity, treatment and prevention

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