Survival and immune response of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei following single and concurrent infections with WSSV and Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Abstract

The survival and immune responses of Litopenaeus vannamei were evaluated during white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) or Vibrio parahaemolyticus single and concurrent infections. The mortality, WSSV load, activities of 4 immune enzymes: acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the transcription of Evolutionarily Conserved Signaling Intermediate in Toll pathways of L.vannamei (LvECSIT) were quantified at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post-infection (pi). The results showed: (i) the cumulative mortality of the co-infection group (WSSV and V. Parahaemolyticus 83 %) was significantly lower than the WSSV infection group (97%) (P < 0.05) at 96 hpi; (ii) copies of WSSV in the co-infection group were significantly lower than that of the single infection group from 24 to 96 hpi (P < 0.05); (iii) ACP, AKP,POD and SOD activity in the gills of the co-infection group was higher than that of the WSSV group at12, 48 and 96 hpi (P < 0.05).The expression of LvECSIT mRNA in the co-infection group was significantly higher than in the WSSV infection group from 12 to72 hpi (P < 0.05).The results indicate that proliferation of WSSV is inhibited by V.parahaemolyticus infection. In addition, infection with WSSV alone causes a significant reduction in some immune responses of shrimp than co-infection with WSSV and V.parahaemolyticus occurs at 26 °C. Third, LvECSIT, an essential member of TLR signaling pathway might play a crucial role in shrimp defense against WSSV-Vibrio co-infection.

Dietary resveratrol attenuates oxidative stress in Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, in response to ammonia stress

“…The activities of SOD and CAT, and the MDA levels of Clarias gariepinus in clean region from Orontes river were higher than those in the polluted regions (Turan et al, 2020). The SOD activity of L. vannamei injected Vibro parahaemolyticus at 3h, 6h and 12h were higher than that in the control group (Pang et al, 2019). These results indicated that organism with lower oxidative stress had a reduced need for endogenous antioxidant enzymes.…”

Effects of Dietary Phaffia rhodozyma Astaxanthin on Growth Performance, Carotenoid Analysis, Biochemical and Immune-Physiological Parameters, Intestinal Microbiota, and Disease Resistance in Penaeus monodon

“…Dietary yeasty Ast significantly increased resistance to V. parahaemolyticus according to the LT 50 results in the current study, which may be contributing to the anti-bacterial effects, which indicated that dietary Ast could suppress V. parahaemolyticus infection. However, V. parahaemolyticus is a conditional pathogen: the pathogenicity is triggered by physical stressors that disrupt the delicate balance between aquatic animals and surrounding environments ( Pang et al, 2019 ). Thus, improved immune status by inducing AST, ALT, AKP, and SOD in the shrimp by dietary Ast is also one of the primary reasons to defend against pathogenic infections in the current study.…”

Partial replacement of dietary fish oil by beef tallow does not impair antioxidant capacity and innate immunity of red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii

“…Contents of TP, ACP, AKP and LZM in haemolymph are often regarded as the relevant indicators to evaluate immune regulation of crustaceans (F. Liu, Qu, et al, 2020; Ray et al, 2020). And the decrease in these parameters implies a depressed immune modulation and disease resistance (F. Liu, Qu, et al, 2020; Pang et al, 2019; Qin et al, 2012; Yuan et al, 2019). However, partial replacement of FO with BT could reverse the declining effect of TP, ACP and LZM contents, which can be explained that FB diet still had enough essential fatty acids to improve immune function (Emery et al, 2014).…”