Surveying the agrarian question (part 1): unearthing foundations, exploring diversity

Review Essay: Land, Labour and Agrarian Transition in Vietnam

“…An agrarian transition is driven by transformations in social property relations, which are witnessed in the emergence of differentiated access to productive assets and the commodification of labour, changes that form two aspects of a single dynamic process (Akram‐Lodhi and Kay 2010). Vietnam has been undergoing an agrarian transition since the 1980s, which has redistributed land and reconfigured labour markets (Akram‐Lodhi 2005, 2007).…”

“…Indeed, it is surprising that Ravallion and van de Walle seem to believe that class stratification implies immiserization, for such is not the case. Class stratification, which, as an agrarian political economist, I define as differentiation in access to productive assets (Akram‐Lodhi 2005, 76; Akram‐Lodhi and Kay 2010), can be an absolute or a relative process; if it is the latter it is perfectly compatible with rising rural incomes. Simply put, the issue is not that the numbers of the poor in Vietnam are increasing in absolute terms as a result of landlessness (such a claim would be ludicrous).…”

Behind the veil of agricultural modernization : gendered dynamics of rural change in the Saïss, Morocco

“…1867 how capital develops through the primitive accumulation of resources. He explained how common lands were gradually enclosed and how landlords chased the peasantry from the communal lands: "Primitive accumulation in England used dispossessory enclosures by predatory feudal landlords, later supported by the state, to reconfigure the relations of production in order to physically expel a prosperous yeomanry from the land and create a propertyless class of rural waged labor that faced a class of capitalist tenant-farmers, beneath the dominant landlords class" (Tribe 1981;Byres 2009 cited in: Akram-Lodhi andKay 2010a). From…”

Agribusiness, peasants, left‐wing governments, and the state in Latin America: An overview and theoretical reflections

“…49–50). In contrast, property owners in a capitalist society rely mainly on economic means to appropriate surplus labour and do not need direct political power to extract surplus value from labourers, making property of the means of production within capitalism an “absolute private property” (Akram‐Lodhi & Kay, , pp. 196–198; Wood, , pp.…”