Survey of Postharvest Fungi Associated with Sorghum Grains Produced in Karnataka (India)

Sreenivasa, M. Y.; Dass, Regina Sharmila; Janardhana, G. R.

doi:10.2478/v10045-010-0057-6

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…These fungi heavily infected both sorghum and foxtail millet. The findings of our study coincided with the data obtained from India, [17, 33-35], Bangladesh [36], Burkina Faso [27], Nigeria [37], Pakistan [38], and the USA [16]. The high frequency of occurrence of the above organisms was also observed in the previous surveys done by Mathur et al [39] and Tarp et al [40].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Effect of Seed-borne Mycoflora from Sorghum and Foxtail Millet Seeds on Germination and Disease Transmission

et al. 2011

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The seed-borne mycoflora of sorghum and foxtail millet collected from different growing areas in South Korea were isolated and taxonomically identified using dry inspection, standard blotter and the agar plate method. We investigated the in vitro and in vivo germination rates of disinfected and non-disinfected seeds of sorghum and foxtail millet using sterilized and unsterilized soil. The percent recovery of seed-borne mycoflora from the seed components of sorghum and foxtail millet seeds was determined and an infection experiment using the dominant species was evaluated for seedling emergence and mortality. A higher number of seed-borne fungi was observed in sorghum compared to that of foxtail millet. Eighteen fungal genera with 34 fungal species were identified from the seeds of sorghum and 13 genera with 22 species were identified from the seeds of foxtail millet. Five dominant species such as Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme and Phoma sp. were recorded as seed-borne mycoflora in sorghum and 4 dominant species (Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme) were observed in foxtail millet. The in vitro and in vivo germination rates were higher using disinfected seeds and sterilized soil. More seed-borne fungi were recovered from the pericarp compared to the endosperm and seed embryo. The percent recovery of seed-borne fungi ranged from 2.22% to 60.0%, and Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata and 4 species of Fusarium were isolated from the endosperm and embryo of sorghum and foxtail millet. Inoculation of the dominant seed-borne fungi showed considerable mortality of seedlings. All the transmitted seed-borne fungi might well be a primary source of infection of sorghum and foxtail millet crops.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Effect of Seed-borne Mycoflora from Sorghum and Foxtail Millet Seeds on Germination and Disease Transmission

et al. 2011

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“…However, the invention of Aspergillus fulvous (56.7%) in Sorghum sample was lower than the occurrence of Aspergillus flavus (72.7%) in Sorghum grain reported from India [32]. Therefore the occurrence of aflatoxin content in Sorghum sample is associated with Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus.…”

Section: Isolation and Identification Of Aspergillus Species From Sormentioning

confidence: 64%

Study on Aspergillus Species and Aflatoxin Levels in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Stored for Different Period and Storage System in Kewet Districts, Northern Shewa, Ethiopia

Weledesemayat¹,

Gezmu²,

Zewdu³

et al. 2016

FSN

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Sorghum serves as staple food for over 100 million people in Sub-Saharan African countries. It is the most important nutritional security crop and ranks third among major cereal crops in terms of area and production next to teff and maize in Ethiopia. However, Sorghum is susceptible to contamination by molds that produces aflatoxin that causes hepatotoxic and carcinogenic effects on humans and animals. This study was conducted to assess Aspergillus species and aflatoxin level in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) stored under different storage system for different storage period. Thirty samples were analyzed for aflatoxin contamination using high performance liquid chromatography equipped with fluorescent detector and Aspergillus species were isolated and identified using phenotypic features in a potato dextrose agar culture media. About 56.7%, 16.7%, and 23.3% of the Sorghum samples were found to be contaminated with Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus parasiticus, respectively. The level of total aflatoxin, aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, and aflatoxin G2 were in the range of 11.44 to 344.26µg/kg, 3.95 to 153.72µg/kg, 1.17 to 91.82µg/ kg, 9.87 to 139.64µg/kg, and 3.22 to 52.02µg/kg, respectively. The concentration of aflatoxin in all Sorghum samples surpassed the maximum level set by the European commission and therefore, deserves attention to control them across the Sorghum value-chain. Keywords: Aflatoxin; Aspergillus species; Sorghum; Storage Period; Storage System Citation: Weledesemayat GT, Gezmu TB, Woldegiorgis AZ, Gemede HF (2016) Kewet woreda is one of the Sorghum producing districts in the country and farmers use both underground pit and above ground storage systems. The storage system "Gotera" are made from different plants, clay, grass, ash, and cow dung. In the underground pit storage, they wash the pit with water and put the Sorghum grain until they are full, then the cover with grass, clay and flatted stone. Some farmers are using cleaning, insecticides and fumigants to prevent insect damage and adding the Sorghum grain in to the pits. The grain is stored for long periods; especially, this is the case during times of food scarcity. These storage systems are believed to protect against insect damage and theft, fire, domestic and wild animals and improve the quality of Sorghum as well. These Sorghum grains are stored under unhygienic conditions and very often spoiled by moulds and may develop mycotoxin contamination. Therefore, this particular research was endeavored to analyze the occurrence of Aspergillus species and aflatoxin content in Sorghum grain stored at different time periods and different storage system.

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“…flavus and A. niger were the most prevalent fungi detected, and their presence indicates health threats to both humans and animals from potential mycotoxin poisoning in sorghum food and feed [39]. Mycotoxin exposure in children causes malnutrition and stunted growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do smallholder farmer-led seed systems have the capacity to supply good-quality, fungal-free sorghum seed?

Kusena

Mujaju

2017

Agric & Food Secur

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Local seed systems that are developed, managed and maintained by farmers are a fundamental practice in smallholder crop production, supporting more than 80% of farmers in sub-Saharan Africa and feeding more than 70% of its population. The resilience of such systems is under threat from poverty, climate change, drought, increased pests and diseases, over-promotion of modern crop varieties, change of lifestyles and restrictive seed policies. The system continues to be maligned as having inferior quality, yet few studies support this assertion. This study aims to fill this research gap by evaluating 60 sorghum seed samples collected from smallholder farmers in Uzumba-MarambaPfungwe and Chimanimani districts of Zimbabwe. We investigated the effect of farmer-led seed management practices (e.g. seed acquisition and seed storage practices) on farm-derived sorghum seed quality (moisture, germination and fungal incidences). We found farmers using diverse seed sources and seed storage practices. Seeds were typically of good quality in that their storage moisture content was low, their germination was high, and fungal incidences were low. Seed sourced from local markets, non-governmental organizations and other farmers had germination and moisture standards that met the sorghum certification standards in Zimbabwe. However, few samples obtained from the relatives and government failed to meet the germination and/or moisture certification standards. We detected low incidences of fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp.) in sorghum seed samples tested and in particular Fusarium sp., which is the most economic important fungus in sorghum production. We conclude that farmer-led seed systems have the capacity to supply seeds of good quality and recommend that such systems should be recognized and promoted to meet the ever-evolving needs of smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Survey of Postharvest Fungi Associated with Sorghum Grains Produced in Karnataka (India)

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

The Effect of Seed-borne Mycoflora from Sorghum and Foxtail Millet Seeds on Germination and Disease Transmission

The Effect of Seed-borne Mycoflora from Sorghum and Foxtail Millet Seeds on Germination and Disease Transmission

Study on Aspergillus Species and Aflatoxin Levels in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Stored for Different Period and Storage System in Kewet Districts, Northern Shewa, Ethiopia

Do smallholder farmer-led seed systems have the capacity to supply good-quality, fungal-free sorghum seed?

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