Survey of Data and Models for Refrigerant Mixtures Containing Halogenated Olefins

Abstract

We survey existing data for refrigerant blends containing halogenated olefins (hydrofluoroolefins (HFO), hydrochlorofluoroolefins (HCFO), and hydrochloroolefins (HCO)) in the open literature. The data are primarily taken from the NIST SOURCE database and are presented in graphical form to demonstrate the relative coverage of the data. The primary conclusion is that blends containing halogenated olefins remain only sparsely measured in experiments, and some classes of data (e.g., speed-of-sound data) are particularly sparse for blends containing halogenated olefins. The second part of this study compares the thermodynamic models in NIST REFPROP against the experimental data sets and identifies systems (of which there are many) for which refitting of the thermodynamic model is required.

Speed of Sound Measurements of Binary Mixtures of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf), and trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)) Refrigerants

“…Deviaition graphs comparing the experimental speed of sound values, c exp , to the speed of sound values calculated with REFPROP using the Helmholtz-energy-explicit EoS and binary interaction parameters reported by Bell et al, c calc , as a function of c exp . Comparisons are for R-134a, R-1234yf, and R-1234ze­(E) binary mixtures: (a) R-1234yf/134a (0.33634/0.66366), (b) R-1234yf/134a (0.66759/0.33241), (c) R-1234yf/1234ze­(E) (0.33584/0.66416), (d) R-1234yf/1234ze­(E) (0.66660/0.33340), (e) R-134a/1234ze­(E) (0.32916/0.67084), and (f) R-134a/1234ze­(E) (0.67102/0.32898) at temperatures open circle: tracing saturation, solid black triangle: 255 K, solid black diamond: 260 K, solid black square: 265 K, solid blue circle: 270 K, solid blue triangle: 275 K, solid blue diamond: 280 K, solid blue square: 285 K, solid orange circle: 290 K, :solid orange triangle: 295 K, solid orange diamond: 300 K, solid orange square: 305 K, solid green circle: 310 K, solid green triangle: 315 K, solid green diamond: 320 K, solid green square: 325 K, solid yellow circle: 330 K, solid yellow triangle: 335 K, solid yellow diamond: 340 K, and solid yellow square: 345 K.…”

“…Densties calculated using REFPROP show that for a given psuedo-isochore, the densities do not vary by more than 10 kg m –3 . Lines drawn on the plots in Figure a–f are REFPROP calculations using available Helmholtz-energy-explicit EoS for R-1234yf, R-134a, and R-1234ze­(E) and independently reported binary interaction parameters for each binary mixture. It is important to note that the EoS used in this study developed by Lemmon and Akasaka is not included in REFPROP version 10.0 which by default uses the EoS of Richter et al In this study, the REFPROP models were used for comparison, and no adjustments were made to the binary interaction parameters.…”

“…Studies such as that by Bobbo et al review the available thermodynamic and transport property data for pure refrigerants and briefly catalog the properties of refrigerant mixtures. A more recent survey of refrigerant fluid property data and models for mixtures by Bell and colleagues shows that several studies report density, − heat capacity, vapor–liquid equilibrium, , and critical property data , for mixtures of HFC and HFO refrigerants. However, of the available literature, only a single study by Shimoura et al reports liquid-phase speed of sound data for refrigerant mixtures.…”

Bubble Point Measurements of Mixtures of HFO and HFC Refrigerants

“…It is important to highlight that currently limited literature data, covering a narrow temperature and pressure range, were available for the binary mixtures evaluated in this study. Most of the binary interactions parameters embedded in REFPROP 5 for R1234yf + R1234ze-(E), R1234yf + R134a, R125 + R1234yf, and R134a + R1234ze(E) are reported by Bell et al 43 Additionally, binary interactions parameters for the R1234yf + 152a system are reported by Bell and Lemmon. 44 However, as indicated by Table 11, no literature sources report binary interaction parameters for the R1234ze(E) + R227ea system.…”

Searching for Sustainable Refrigerants by Bridging Molecular Modeling with Machine Learning

“…This is the main hurdle in the commercialization of newly developed refrigerants achieving the environmental and safety requirements, given the large number of thermodynamic properties required for accurate technical evaluation. 13 …”