Survey of dairy products for PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and HCB

Fürst, Peter; Fürst, Chr.; Wilmers, K.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(92)90104-y

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Thus, as mentioned above, the data of Furst et al 34 for milk, cream, butter, and cheese from commercial dairies showed virtually no difference in levels. In Holland, Liem et al 15 found an average of 1.6 ng TEQ/kg fat in composite samples of Dutch butter and cheese, also very similar to the milk level, and in the Norwegian surveyl7 the mean of three samples of butter was 1.2 ng TEQ/kg fat.…”

Section: Dairy Productssupporting

confidence: 50%

“…These samples were restricted to farms from a small area and also had slightly elevated PCB levels; some specific local contamination may be implicated. More recently, Flirst et al 34 have reported on a more extensive sampling of milk, cream, butter, and cheese from commercial dairies in North Rhine-Westphalia showing levels in the range 0.76 to 2.62 ng TEQ/kg fat with a mean of 1.35 ng TEQ/kg.…”

Section: Milkmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Dioxins in Food

Startin

1994

Dioxins and Health

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Section: Dairy Productssupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Milkmentioning

confidence: 96%

Dioxins in Food

Startin

1994

Dioxins and Health

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“…A number of studies have been published recently that have sought to quantify the transfers of PCDD/Fs and other trace organics to cattle (Fries and Paustenbach, 1990;Fürst et al, 1992Fürst et al, , 1993Lorber et al, 1994), their dynamics and distribution within the animal (Tuinstra et al, 1992;McLachlan, 1993McLachlan, , 1994Startin et al, 1994a), and their transfers out in the milk of lactating dairy cows (Rappe et al, 1987;Harrison et al, 1994;Startin et al, 1994b). McLachlan et al (1994) have also specifically examined the transfer of PCDD/Fs and PCBs from two long-term sludge-amended farms in Germany to cattle and showed that the agricultural use of sewage sludge does, under some circumstances, lead to higher concentrations of these compounds in milk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dioxins and furans in sewage sludges: A review of their occurrence and sources in sludge and of their environmental fate, behavior, and significance in sludge‐amended agricultural systems

Jones

Sewart

1997

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/Fs) are two groups of organic compounds that are ubiquitous in the environment at ultratrace levels, but that have attracted considerable scientific and political concern because of their environmental persistence, tendency to bioaccumulate through the foodchain, and toxicity. In recent years they have attracted particular interest because of their presence in sewage sludges, and they have been included on listings of the "priority organic contaminants". PCDD/Fs are not produced intentionally, but are released into the environment in ultratrace amounts from various combustion processes and as a result of their occurrence as unwanted byproducts in various chlorinated chemical formulations (e.g., pentachlorophenol, PCP). There is continuing uncertainty over the relative importance of different sources of PCDD/Fs to the environment. The lowest and highest TEQ values for sewage sludge reported in the literature are 0.5 and 4100 ng/kg (DW). U.K. data reported in three surveys range between 9 and 206 ng/kg, with typical or representative values internationally in the range of 20 to 100 ng/kg. Many sources have been suggested as potential contributors to the PCDD/F composition of sludges. Combustion-derived inputs will provide a "baseline" input to the environment and hence sludge, which may be supplemented by trace impurities released from the manufacture and use of various chloroaromatics. PCP use in textiles has attracted attention as an important contributor in Germany. More recently, impurities in a dyestuff chloroanil have attracted attention. Atmospheric deposition and sewage sludge would appear to supply roughly equal amounts of PCDD/F to U.K. soils each year, although deposition will supply a greater TEQ. Based on the average composition of individual 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs measured in U.K. sludges, OCDD has the greatest potential to be enriched in sludge-amended soil, followed by a range of Hp-and Hx-CDD/Fs and OCDF. These PCDD/Fs all have relatively low TEF values. Enrichment of the lower-chlorinated tetra-and penta-CDD/Fs that have higher TEFs is less marked.A simple pathways assessment procedure is presented, focusing on the transfers into milk and meat from pastureland and based on TEQs. This is designed for dairy and beef cattle separately. The scheme could accommodate differences in dietary composition, with animals eating a mixture of herbage, fodder/grain, soil, and (potentially) sludge. Scenarios for unsludged rural and urban and typical and worst-case sludge amendment are considered. Increases in livestock PCDD/F intake due to most routine sludge additions in rural areas are shown to be minor compared with the differences 1064-3389/97/$.50 © 1997 by CRC Press LLC 1 Downloaded by [University of South Florida] at 10:51 09 October 2014projected between rural and urban grazing pasture. The only exceptions to this would result from unusually high rates of soil or sludge ingested. An assessment is made of the influence of unsludged rural and urban an...

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“…In butter, we only found one German and one Vietnamese sample that showed a similar mean concentration of this compound (Fürst et al, 1992;Kannan et al 1992a Assuming a 80-94% of fat content in butter (Kannan et al, 1992a;Mes et al, 1991;Vaz et al, 1995), none analyzed sample for any single pesticide surpassed the Maximum Residue Levels (MRL) set by the European Union (EEC, 1986).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Germany(Fürst et al, 1992;Schulte and Malisch, 1984) or Vietnam (Kannan et Downloaded by [Temple University Libraries] at 03:00 21 November 2014 208 BADIA-VILA ET AL.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparison of residue levels of persistent organochlorine compounds in butter from Spain and from other European countries

Badia-Vila

Ociepa

Mateo

et al. 2000

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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Commercially available butter from Spain (n = 36) and from other European countries (n = 20) has been analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography with an electron capture detector for organochlorine contaminants. The results showed that both groups of samples have a similar pattern of these pollutants, but in all cases where significant differences in concentrations were found, Spanish samples presented higher values. This was especially notable for lindane (median values 11.6 vs. 3.0 ng/g wet weight), hexachlorobenzene (6.4 vs. 0.5) and beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (3.1 vs. 1.2). Total PCBs showed no differences (5.4 vs. 6.6), but detailed analysis of congener composition indicated a higher presence in Spanish samples of the most persistent chlorinated PCBs. No sample presented levels of concern for any single organochlorine compound. It is interesting to note that consumption of butter in Spain is low so, although levels of organochlorines are higher than those found in other countries, consumers are less exposed through this foodstuff than in other European countries. These results also confirm the fact that environmental pollution by organochlorines is more important in Spain than in the rest of Europe.

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Survey of dairy products for PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and HCB

Cited by 26 publications

References 5 publications

Dioxins in Food

Dioxins in Food

Dioxins and furans in sewage sludges: A review of their occurrence and sources in sludge and of their environmental fate, behavior, and significance in sludge‐amended agricultural systems

Comparison of residue levels of persistent organochlorine compounds in butter from Spain and from other European countries

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