Survey of assessment and management of pain for critically ill adults

Behavioral Pain Assessment Tool for Critically Ill Adults Unable to Self-Report Pain

“…7,16,17 Before implementation of the CPOT, the pain management policies of the ICUs did not include use of a behavioral pain assessment tool, although individual nurses self-reported that they used various tools, including the CPOT. 18 The recommended frequency of pain assessment, or pain assessment intervals (PAIs), for surgical patients was hourly for 6 hours postoperatively and then a minimum of every 4 hours. Nonsurgical patients were expected to have pain assessment documented a minimum of every 4 hours.…”

Critical Care Nurses' Pain Assessment and Management Practices: A Survey in Canada

“…21 Survey items addressed perceived pain assessment and management practices for patients able and patients unable to self-report pain. Because several behavioral pain assessment tools are now available, questions were included to ascertain perceived frequency of use of various tools and the relevance of a list of 25 behaviors included in 7 behavioral pain assessment tools [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] with 5-point scales anchored by never and routinely.…”

Implementation of a pain management algorithm in intensive care units and evaluation of nurses' level of adherence with the algorithm

“…On the other hand, hemodynamic instability was found to be a barrier to pain assessment and management. 9 Additional research is warranted to determine which specific SAPS characteristics influence nurses' adherence with a pain management algorithm.…”

“…6e8 In addition, in a survey of critical care nurses, increased workload, hemodynamic instability, and patients' inability to communicate were the barriers considered to interfere with pain assessment and management most frequently. 9 In addition, system factors like the learning culture of an ICU 10 may pose additional barriers.…”