Surveillance of small round structured virus (SRSV) infection 
in England and Wales, 1990–5

Dedman, Daniel; Laurichesse, H.; Caul, E.O.; Wall, Patrick

doi:10.1017/s0950268898001095

Cited by 77 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…States that have more developed surveillance for outbreaks of AGE in nursing homes generally report more viral-like outbreaks in such settings. 22 Outbreaks in nursing homes and hospitals are more often reported in the United Kingdom and Europe, [23][24][25] and in the last five to 10 years, these have been associated with variants of noroviruses in the GII/4 cluster also found in this study. 26,27 No hospital outbreaks were reported in this study, which is in contrast to European countries, especially the United Kingdom, where hospitals are one of the most common settings for norovirus outbreaks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Enhanced Surveillance of Norovirus Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis in Georgia

et al. 2011

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SYNOPSISObjectives. The role of noroviruses in both foodborne and person-to-person outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) has been difficult to determine in the U.S. because of lack of routine norovirus testing and of national reporting of person-to-person outbreaks. We conducted a prospective study in one state in which enhanced testing for noroviruses was performed to better understand the relative contribution of all gastroenteric pathogens.Methods. During the two-year period, 2000-2001, we took all fecal specimens from AGE outbreaks reported in Georgia that were negative for bacteria and tested these for norovirus.Results. We investigated 78 AGE outbreaks, from which suitable fecal samples were collected from 57 of them. Norovirus was identified in 25 (44%) outbreaks, bacteria in 20 (35%) outbreaks, and parasites in one (2%) outbreak. Forty-three (75%) of the outbreaks tested were foodborne, of which 17 (40%) were attributable to norovirus and 18 (42%) were attributable to bacteria. Adjusting for incomplete testing, we estimated that 53% of all AGE outbreaks were attributable to norovirus. A total of 2,674 people were reported ill in the 57 outbreaks, and norovirus infections accounted for 1,735 (65%) of these cases. Norovirus outbreaks tended to be larger than bacterial outbreaks, with a median number of 30 vs. 16 cases per outbreak, respectively (p0.057).Conclusions. This study provides further evidence that noroviruses are, overall, the most common cause of AGE outbreaks in the U.S. Improved specimen collection, reporting person-to-person outbreaks, and access to molecular assays are needed to further understand the role of these viruses and methods for their prevention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Enhanced Surveillance of Norovirus Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis in Georgia

et al. 2011

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“…The members of the genera "Sapporo-like viruses" (SLVs) and "Norwalk-like viruses" (NLVs) in the family Caliciviridae [14,32] are an important cause of gastroenteritis in humans [4,8,10,12,21,28,30,39,40,43] and animals [7,15,26,38]. In humans, the illnesses caused by SLVs and NLVs differ in epidemiological features and clinical symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic classification of "Sapporo-like viruses"

Schuffenecker

Ando

Thouvenot

et al. 2001

Archives of Virology

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“…Since human NLVs have not yet been cultivated in vitro, detection has traditionally relied on electron microscopy (EM) or immune-EM (11,25). Although several reference centers still utilize EM for the routine investigation of outbreak samples, the successful cloning and sequencing of complete and partial NLV genomes has allowed the development of more sensitive reverse transciptase PCR (RT-PCR) methods.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

International Collaborative Study To Compare Reverse Transcriptase PCR Assays for Detection and Genotyping of Noroviruses

Vinjé

Vennema

Maunula³

et al. 2003

J Clin Microbiol

206

135

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To allow more rapid and internationally standardized assessment of the spread of noroviruses (previously called Norwalk-like viruses [NLVs]) as important food-borne pathogens, harmonization of methods for their detection is needed. Diagnosis of NLVs in clinical diagnostic laboratories is usually performed by reverse transciptase PCR (RT-PCR) assays. In the present study, the performance of five different RT-PCR assays for the detection of NLVs was evaluated in an international collaborative study by five laboratories in five countries with a coded panel of 91 fecal specimens. The assays were tested for their sensitivity, detection limit, and ease of standardization. In total, NLVs could be detected by at least one RT-PCR assay in 69 (84%) of the samples that originally tested positive. Sensitivity ranged from 52 to 73% overall and from 54 to 100% and 58 to 85% for genogroup I and II viruses, respectively. In all, 64% of the false-negative results were obtained with a set of diluted stools (n ‫؍‬ 20) that may have lost quality upon storage. Sensitivity was improved when these samples were excluded from analysis. No one single assay stood out as the best, although the p1 assay demonstrated the most satisfactory overall performance. To promote comparability of data, this assay will be recommended for newly starting groups in future collaborative studies.

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Surveillance of small round structured virus (SRSV) infection in England and Wales, 1990–5

Cited by 77 publications

References 31 publications

Enhanced Surveillance of Norovirus Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis in Georgia

Enhanced Surveillance of Norovirus Outbreaks of Gastroenteritis in Georgia

Genetic classification of "Sapporo-like viruses"

International Collaborative Study To Compare Reverse Transcriptase PCR Assays for Detection and Genotyping of Noroviruses

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