Surto de toxoplasmose em um seminário de Bragança Paulista (Estado de São Paulo): aspectos clínicos, sorológicos e epidemiológicos

Abstract

Nove casos de toxoplasmose adquirida comprovada (forma linfoglandular), ocorridos em um Seminário de Bragança Paulista, motivaram uma investigação clínica e sorológica. De acôrdo com os dados assim obtidos, pelo menos 30 pessoas (em um total de 81) apresentavam toxoplasmose na ocasião. Ao todo, foram realizadas 314 reações de Sabin-Feldman e de imunofluorescência indireta. O inquérito sorológico pela prova do corante extendeu-se também a algumas espécies animais da localidade. Em vista das limitações relativas à investigação epidemiológica, foi possível apenas a colocação de várias hipóteses, nada se podendo concluir quanto aos aspectos epidemiológicos do surto. Registrando, pela primeira vez, na literatura médica esta ocorrência, os autores alertam para a possibilidade dêstes surtos em instituições fechadas ou zona rural. Insistem na necessidade de pesquisas mais profundas, em situações similares, para o reconhecimento das fontes de infecção e mecanismos de transmissão, a despeito das dificuldades decorrentes dos escassos conhecimentos sôbre a história natural da toxoplasmose e do ciclo biológico do parasita.<br>Nine cases of comproved acquired toxoplasmosis (lymphatic form), from a Seminary in Bragança Paulista, (Brazil) motivated a clinical and serological survey. According to the data, at least 30 people (in a total of 81) presented, then, toxoplasmosis. Three hundred fourteen (314) dye-tests and indirect immunofluorescent tests were performed in all. The serological survey based on dye-test antibodies was extended to some local animal species. In view of the epidemiological survey limitations and notwithstanding the fact that a number of hipothesis have been suggested, no conclusions have been drawn, as far as the epidemiological aspects of the epidemics are concerned. Reporting this occurrence for the first time in the medical literature, the authors point out to the possibility of these outbreaks in closed institutions and in the rural area. They insist on the need for more complete researches, in similar situations, for the recognition of the sources and transmission mechanisms of the infection. Research work must be carried out in spite of the difficulties inherent to this subject

Patterns of Transmission and Sources of Infection in Outbreaks of Human Toxoplasmosis

“…We performed a systematic review by searching the Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases by using the keywords “ Toxoplasma AND outbreak OR toxoplasmosis AND outbreak.” During February–March 2018, we collected data on published toxoplasmosis outbreaks in humans since 1967, when the first relevant article on human infection was published ( 5 ). …”

Toxoplasmosis in humans and animals in Brazil: high prevalence, high burden of disease, and epidemiology

“…Acute toxoplasmosis outbreaks. An epidemic of febrile adenopathy simulating toxoplasmosis was observed in 1966 in a University in São José dos Campos, 100 km from São Paulo city (Magaldi et al 1967(Magaldi et al , 1969. Between March and May 1966, 99 out of 500 students became ill.…”

Toxoplasmosis-Related Knowledge Among Pregnant and Postpartum Women Attended in Public Health Units in Niterói, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

“…Susceptible humans can be infected by T. gondii through ingestion of bradyzoites in raw or undercooked meat and other animal products 6,25 ; contact with feces of domestic felids or soil contaminated with sporulated oocysts 10,15 ; ingestion of sporulated oocysts contaminating water 7,3 , fruits and vegetables 2,34 ; and also by tachyzoites transmitted through placenta, blood transfusion, and organ transplant 22,27 .…”