Surgical Tumor-Derived Personalized Photothermal Vaccine Formulation for Cancer Immunotherapy

Abstract

Personalized cancer vaccines show great potential in cancer immunotherapy by inducing an effective and durable antitumor response. However, the limitation of neoantigen identification, low immunogenicity, and weak immune response hamper the development of personalized cancer vaccines. The surgically removed tumor contains tumor antigens specific to the patient, which provides a promising source for personalized cancer vaccines. Here, we utilized the surgically removed tumor to prepare a personalized photothermal vaccine combined with the PD-1 checkpoint blockade antibody to prevent tumor relapse and metastasis. Black phosphorus quantum dot nanovesicles (BPQD-CCNVs) coated with surgically removed tumor cell membrane were prepared and loaded into a thermosensitive hydrogel containing GM-CSF and LPS. The sustained release of GM-CSF from the hypodermic injection of Gel-BPQD-CCNVs effectively recruited dendritic cells to capture tumor antigen. NIR irradiation and LPS stimulated the expansion and activation of DCs, which then traveled to the lymph nodes to present antigen to CD8 + T cells. Moreover, the combination with PD-1 antibody significantly enhanced tumor-specific CD8 + T cell elimination of the surgical residual and lung metastatic tumor. Hence, our work may provide a promising strategy for the clinical development of a personalized cancer vaccine.

A Hybrid Eukaryotic–Prokaryotic Nanoplatform with Photothermal Modality for Enhanced Antitumor Vaccination

“…Cell‐membrane‐derived biomimetic nanoplatforms have revolutionized the design of cancer vaccine by providing targeted delivery, specific recognition, antigen presentation, and immune stimulation [ 1 ] and diverse eukaryotic membrane vesicles have been developed for vaccine design, including blood cells, [ 2 ] immune cells, [ 3 ] and especially cancer cells. [ 4 ] The specific antigens expressed on cancer cell membrane vesicles (CMVs) can be processed by mature antigen presenting cells (APCs) to trigger the anticancer immunity based on the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs).…”

Two‐Dimensional Nanomaterials for Photothermal Therapy

“…PTT combined with immune checkpoint therapy thus becomes a promising cancer treatment approach. Ye et al . utilized the tumor cell membrane to develop 2D BP quantum dot nanovesicles (BPQD‐CCNVs) (Figure a).…”

“… Combined PTT–immunotherapy mediated with a) BPQD‐CCNVs. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society.…”

Advanced Nanotechnology Leading the Way to Multimodal Imaging‐Guided Precision Surgical Therapy

“…[262,294,295] Black phosphorus quantum dot (BPQD) is a biodegradable NM with high photothermal conversion efficiency, which can be used to facilitate the release of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to recruit and activate APCs. [262,294,295] Black phosphorus quantum dot (BPQD) is a biodegradable NM with high photothermal conversion efficiency, which can be used to facilitate the release of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to recruit and activate APCs.…”