Surgical Approaches to the Nasal Cavity and Sinuses

Intranasal Osteosarcoma in a Dog—A Case Report

“…Lesions within the nasal cavity are easily accessed through the nares, can be visualized through a rigid endoscope, and can be biopsied using endoscopic forceps in an operative cannula channel [4]. Only small biopsy specimens can be obtained with this method and there is a risk of collecting nondiagnostic specimens.…”

“…Only small biopsy specimens can be obtained with this method and there is a risk of collecting nondiagnostic specimens. Large tissue samples can be obtained blindly with glass biopsy forceps [4]. The depth to which the caliper should be inserted into the nasal cavity is guided by CT images [4].…”

“…Intranasal tumors are considered quite unusual and comprise 1%-2% of all tumors in dogs [2,3]. Malignant tumors of epithelial origin (carcinomas) make up 70% of intranasal tumors; with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma being the most commonly reported, and sarcomas representing a smaller proportion [2][3][4]. Intranasal mesenchymal tumors consist of osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and undifferentiated sarcoma [4][5][6].…”

“…Computed tomography (CT) is an appropriate modality for investigation of intranasal tumors in dogs [9,11,12]. Specific relevant features to be evaluated on CT images are the integrity of the cribriform plate, involvement of the central nervous system, the degree of tumor invasion into surrounding tissues, and the morphology and anatomy of the skull structures [4,9,10,12].…”

“…Radiation therapy is considered the best approach for intranasal tumors in dogs [3]. When used in combination with other treatment modalities, such as debulking surgery and chemotherapy [4], the reported survival time of dogs treated with radiotherapy protocols ranges from 8.5-19.7 months [2,3,13].…”