Surface versus needle electrodes in determination of motor conduction time to the external anal sphincter

Abstract

Patients were referred to our neurophysiological department in order to investigate anorectal function. By the means of magnetic stimulation the total motor conduction can be determined. Only patients with normal latency of the pudendal nerve and normal EMG of the external anal sphincter were examined. Stimulation was carried out above the motor cortex with a MO between 80 and 100%. The recording was carried out in 22 patients with concentric needle electrodes and in the other 18 patients with surface electrodes. The mean latency in the group with surface electrodes was 19.4 ms (SD 1.7), and in the group with needle electrodes 23.4 ms (SD 4). Our results suggest, that in magnetic stimulation above the motor cortex and recording with a concentric needle electrode, the range and the mean was higher than with surface electrodes. In our opinion surface electrodes are preferable to needle electrodes in determining motor conduction time to the external anal sphincter.

Evaluation of central vestibular syndrome in dogs using brainstem auditory evoked responses recorded with surface electrodes

“…Our recorded latencies, amplitudes and the values of the intervals are lower than those described by Cauzinille (1997), probably as a consequence of using surface electrodes (Jost et al 1994;Musteață et al, 2013).…”

“…In another study done on animals with CVS, BAERs recorded with needle electrodes showed that there is an increase in central wave latencies comparing with the control (healthy) group (Steiss et al, 1994). Till now there are only few studies performed in animals using surface electrodes (Jost et al, 1994;Musteață et al, 2013). In those studies the wave's morphology was preserved but the latencies were lower than those previously obtained with needle electrodes (Steiss et al, 1994, Cauzinille, 1997.…”

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in healthy cats recorded with surface electrodes

“…Our recorded latencies are lower than those described previously (Cauzinille 1997), possibly as a consequence of direct influence of using surface electrodes (Jost et al 1994). As expected, the wave's latency decreased inversely with the stimulus intensity.…”

Standard characteristics of functional state of the rectal obturator muscles obtained from neurophysiological examination

“…Марка для оценки латентности М-ответа наруж-ного анального сфинктера при стимуляции полового нерва [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Регистрация вызванного моторного от-вета мышц тазового дна возможна при сегментарной магнитной стимуляции (МС) пояснично-крестцовой области с использованием игольчатых, стандартных внутрианальных или специальных ЭМГ-электродов [15][16][17][18][19].…”