Surface roughness evolution on experimentally simulated faults

Renard, François; Mair, Karen; Gundersen, Olav

doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2012.03.009

Cited by 50 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Recently, Renard et al . [] documented slickenside development and roughness variations during slip of initially smoothed Halite samples. Here we focus on the effects of slip distance on shear surface geometry under steady state sliding condition.…”

Section: Experimental Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of slip surface roughness through shear

Davidesko

Sagy

Hatzor

2014

Geophysical Research Letters

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A significant part of displacement in fault zones occurs along discrete shear surfaces. The evolution of fault surface topography is studied here in direct shear laboratory experiments. Matching tensile fracture surfaces were sheared under imposed constant normal stress and sliding velocity. The roughness evolution was analyzed using measurements of surface topography before and after slip. We show that shearing reduces the initial surface roughness at all measurement scales. At all wavelengths, the roughness ratio between initial and final roughness increases as a function of the slip distance. For a given test, the roughness ratio increases with wavelength up to a few millimeters, beyond which the ratio becomes wavelength independent. At this region the roughness measured after slip follows a power law similar to that of the initial tensile fracture surface. We interpret this geometrical evolution as a consequence of the deformation stage of interlocked asperities which is followed by shear-induced dilation.

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Section: Experimental Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of slip surface roughness through shear

Davidesko

Sagy

Hatzor

2014

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Amongst these, the Fourier power spectrum method has proved to be the most reliable (e.g. Sagy et al, 2007;Candela et al, 2012, 2009, Bistacchi et al, 2011Renard et al, 2013Renard et al, , 2012Davidesko et al, 2014). The Fourier power spectrum P(k) (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating roughness scaling properties of natural active fault surfaces by means of multi-view photogrammetry

et al. 2017

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(2017) 'Evaluating roughness scaling properties of natural active fault surfaces by means of multi-view photogrammetry. ', Tectonophysics., Further information on publisher's website: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T AbstractFault roughness is a measure of the dimensions and distribution of fault asperities, which can act as stress concentrators affecting fault frictional behaviour and the dynamics of rupture propagation.Studies aimed at describing fault roughness require the acquisition of extremely detailed and accurate datasets of fault surface topography. Fault surface data have been acquired by methods such as LiDAR, laser profilometers and white light interferometers, each covering different length scales and with only LiDAR available in the field. Here we explore the potential use of multi-view photogrammetric methods in fault roughness studies, which are presently underexplored and offer the advantage of detailed data acquisition directly in the field. We applied the photogrammetric method to reproduce fault topography, by using seven dm-sized fault rock samples photographed in the lab, three fault surfaces photographed in the field, and one control object used to estimate the model error.We studied these topographies estimating their roughness scaling coefficients through a Fourier power spectrum method. Our results show scaling coefficients of 0.84±0.17 along the slip direction ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPTA C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T 2 and 0.91±0.17 perpendicularly to it, and are thus comparable to those results obtained by previous authors. This provides encouragement for the use of photogrammetric methods for future studies, particularly those involving field-based acquisition, where other techniques have limitations.

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“…Experiments with marble (Badt et al, ) and granite (Amitrano & Schmittbuhl, ) showed that the slip in the brittle regime produces greater roughness (Hurst exponent values >0.7), attributed to plow‐related processes, such as gouge formation and striations. Similar slip experiments on halite and limestone, in contrast, develop relatively smoother roughness (Hurst exponent < 0.5), where asperities cause plastic strain localization in their neighborhood (Renard et al, ; Sagy et al, ). In both the cases plowing and gouge formation primarily determined the roughness characteristic on slip surfaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

On the Development of Shear Surface Roughness

et al. 2019

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From deformed quartzites in the Singhbhum Shear Zone, eastern India, we report shear fractures of varying surface roughness: very smooth, containing no lineation to strongly rough with prominent slickenlines. We reproduced them in analogue laboratory experiments, which suggest that the modes of shear failure (brittle versus ductile) and the fracture orientation are potential factors to control the fracture roughness. The experiments were conducted on cohesive sand‐talc models with varying sand:talc volume ratio. Pure sand models underwent Coulomb failure in the brittle regime; this failure mode switched to plastic yielding in the ductile regime with increasing talc content. Such a transition in failure behavior resulted in a remarkable variation in the fracture roughness characteristics. Shear fractures produced by Coulomb failure are smooth, and devoid of any slickenlines, whereas those produced by plastic yielding display strongly linear roughness, defined by cylindrical ridges along the slip direction. Such linear irregularities become more prominent with increasing fracture orientation (θ) to the compression direction (θ = 30 to 60°). We develop a new computational technique, based on controlled optical images to map the shear surface geometry from field casts and laboratory samples. Binarization of the irregular surface images (cantor set) provides 1‐D fractal dimension (D), which is used to quantify the roughness variability, and the degree of their anisotropy in terms of ΔD (difference in D across and along the slip direction). From numerical models, we finally show onset of wave instability in the mechanically distinct rupture zone as an alternative mechanism for slickenline formation.

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Surface roughness evolution on experimentally simulated faults

Cited by 50 publications

References 47 publications

Evolution of slip surface roughness through shear

Evolution of slip surface roughness through shear

Evaluating roughness scaling properties of natural active fault surfaces by means of multi-view photogrammetry

On the Development of Shear Surface Roughness

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