Surface Motion Upregulates Superficial Zone Protein and Hyaluronan Production in Chondrocyte-Seeded Three-Dimensional Scaffolds

Grad, Sibylle; Lee, Cynthia R.; Górna, Katarzyna; Gogolewski, Sylwester; Wimmer, Markus A.; Alini, Mauro

doi:10.1089/ten.2005.11.249

Cited by 133 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…21 Shear force in the form of surface motion upregulated lubricin expression, but axial compression alone had no effect. 22 Consistent with these findings, we found variations in lubricin expression along the FDP, corresponding to regions that differ in mechanical environment. 24 Regions B to F of the canine FDP tendon glide within a synovial sheath and sustain more shear force and compression than region A in routine canine activity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Expression and mapping of lubricin in canine flexor tendon

et al. 2006

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Matrix composition and the biomechanical environment are intimately interdependent in most connective tissues. Lubricin has many distinct biological functions, including lubrication, antiadhesion, and cytoprotection in cartilage, tendons, and other tissues. This study investigated the distribution of lubricin in the canine flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon by immunohistochemistry. Lubricin was found both on the tendon surface and at the interface of collagen fiber bundles within the tendon, where the cells are subjected to shear force in addition to tension and compression. The expression of lubricin in regions of the canine flexor tendon that differ in mechanical or nutritional environment was also investigated using RT-PCR. Six N-terminal splicing variants were identified from six distinct anatomical regions of flexor tendon. The variants with larger sizes were noted in regions subjected to significant shear and compressive forces. Lubricin is ubiquitous in the FDP tendon, with variations in distribution and splicing that appear to correspond to discrete anatomic locations that differ by mechanical or nutritional environment. ß

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…21 Surface motion but not compression was found to upregulate lubricin expression in chondrocyteseeded three-dimensional scaffolds. 22 The flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) is one of the longest and most complicated tendons in the human body. It crosses four joints and controls the finger tip motion, essential for precision pinch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and mapping of lubricin in canine flexor tendon

et al. 2006

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“…Sliding will result in uneven and inconsistent shear loading of the specimen. Newer bioreactors, such as the unique "rolling ball" system 22,23 and a biaxial stimulation device 16 , create a much more realistic and consistent loading environment; however, they only allow one sample to be loaded at a time. Large sample sizes are essential for performing the necessary biochemical, mechanical, and histological analyses on the constructs with a high level of confidence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Biaxial Mechanical Loading Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering

Bilgen

Chu

Stefani

et al. 2013

JoVE

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We designed a loading device that is capable of applying uniaxial or biaxial mechanical strain to a tissue engineered biocomposites fabricated for transplantation. While the device primarily functions as a bioreactor that mimics the native mechanical strains, it is also outfitted with a load cell for providing force feedback or mechanical testing of the constructs. The device subjects engineered cartilage constructs to biaxial mechanical loading with great precision of loading dose (amplitude and frequency) and is compact enough to fit inside a standard tissue culture incubator. It loads samples directly in a tissue culture plate, and multiple plate sizes are compatible with the system. The device has been designed using components manufactured for precision-guided laser applications. Bi-axial loading is accomplished by two orthogonal stages. The stages have a 50 mm travel range and are driven independently by stepper motor actuators, controlled by a closed-loop stepper motor driver that features micro-stepping capabilities, enabling step sizes of less than 50 nm. A polysulfone loading platen is coupled to the bi-axial moving platform. Movements of the stages are controlled by Thor-labs Advanced Positioning Technology (APT) software. The stepper motor driver is used with the software to adjust load parameters of frequency and amplitude of both shear and compression independently and simultaneously. Positional feedback is provided by linear optical encoders that have a bidirectional repeatability of 0.1 μm and a resolution of 20 nm, translating to a positional accuracy of less than 3 μm over the full 50 mm of travel. These encoders provide the necessary position feedback to the drive electronics to ensure true nanopositioning capabilities. In order to provide the force feedback to detect contact and evaluate loading responses, a precision miniature load cell is positioned between the loading platen and the moving platform. The load cell has high accuracies of 0.15% to 0.25% full scale. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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“…The presence of lubricin in the extracellular matrix suggested the lubricin released from the tendon cells may be diffusing through the tissue, perhaps to reach the surface. Evidence of the constitutive production of lubricin by cells in the tendons is important in light of some studies suggesting mechanical stimuli regulate lubricin expression [10,23,26,29]. Jones and Flannery [16] also investigated the effects of various cytokines on lubricin expression and suggested transforming growth factor (TGF)-b increased lubricin synthesis, secretion, and cartilage boundary association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%