Surface modification and deuterium retention in reduced-activation steels under low-energy deuterium plasma exposure. Part I: undamaged steels

Огородникова, О. В.; Zhou, Zhangjian; Sugiyama, K.; Balden, M.; Gasparyan, Yu. M.; Ефимов, В. М.

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/57/3/036010

Cited by 20 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…As reported in Ref. [25], the exposure of EUROFER'97 and ODS steels to D plasma with D ion energy of 200 eV (i.e., at D ion energy exceeding the sputtering threshold) results in a decrease in D retention.…”

Section: Reduced Activation Ferritic/martensitic (Rafm) Steels Includmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Observations of nano-sized fiber-like structures formed on the RAFM and RAF-ODS steel surfaces subjected to the sputtering erosion were already reported in Refs. [25,26,28,30].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last few years, experiments have provided a considerable database on the D retention in undamaged and damaged RAFM and RAFM/RAF-ODS steels irradiated with D ions and exposed to D plasmas [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27]. In Refs.…”

Section: Reduced Activation Ferritic/martensitic (Rafm) Steels Includmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Refs. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], the depth distributions of D concentration in undamaged and damaged steels were determined by nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) at depths of up to several micrometers.…”

Section: Reduced Activation Ferritic/martensitic (Rafm) Steels Includmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported recently [22,24,25,28,29,30] that exposure of multicomponent RAFM and RAFM/RAF-ODS steels to low-energy (40-200 eV) deuterium plasmas with fluxes >10 19 ions/m 2 s leads to the formation of nano-structured near-surface layers enriched with W.…”

Section: Reduced Activation Ferritic/martensitic (Rafm) Steels Includmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface modification and deuterium retention in reduced-activation steels exposed to low-energy, high-flux pure and helium-seeded deuterium plasmas

Alimov

Огородникова

Hatano

et al. 2018

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Surface topography of and deuterium (D) retention in reduced activation ferritic-martensitic Eurofer'97 and ferritic oxide dispersion strengthening ODS-16Cr steels have been studied after exposure at 600 K to low-energy (70 and 200 eV), high-flux (~10 22 D/m 2 s) pure D and D-10%He plasmas with D fluence of 2×10 25 D/m 2. The methods used were scanning electron microscopy, energy-scanning D(3 He,p) 4 He nuclear reaction, and thermal desorption spectroscopy. As a result of the plasma exposures, nano-sized structures are formed on the steel surfaces. After exposure to pure D plasmas, a significant fraction of D is accumulated in the bulk, at depths larger than 8 µm. After exposures to D-He plasmas, D is retained mainly in the near-surface layers. In spite of the fact that the He fluence was lower than the D fluence, the He retention in the steels is one order of magnitude higher than the D retention.

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Section: Reduced Activation Ferritic/martensitic (Rafm) Steels Includmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Observations of nano-sized fiber-like structures formed on the RAFM and RAF-ODS steel surfaces subjected to the sputtering erosion were already reported in Refs. [25,26,28,30].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reduced Activation Ferritic/martensitic (Rafm) Steels Includmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reduced Activation Ferritic/martensitic (Rafm) Steels Includmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reduced Activation Ferritic/martensitic (Rafm) Steels Includmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surface modification and deuterium retention in reduced-activation steels exposed to low-energy, high-flux pure and helium-seeded deuterium plasmas

Alimov

Огородникова

Hatano

et al. 2018

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Atmospheric Non-thermal Plasma Reduction of Natively Oxidized Iron Surfaces

Udachin

Wegewitz

Szafarska

et al. 2023

Plasma Chem Plasma Process

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Plasma in hydrogen-containing atmospheres is an efficient method for the reduction of iron oxides. Although a vast number of approaches were performed for the reduction of bulk Fe oxides with thermal hydrogen plasmas, there is almost no information about the non-thermal plasma reduction efficiency in the atmospheric pressure range. In the current article we present the reduction of natively oxidized iron surfaces applying a dielectric barrier discharge plasma in an Ar/H2 atmosphere at 1000 hPa. By varying the surface temperature from 25 to 300 °C, we studied the plasma reduction efficiency, which was then compared with a thermal method. Whereas plasma treatments at 25 °C and 100 °C did not result in the significant reduction of iron oxidized species, experiments at 200 °C and 300 °C yielded a reduction of approximately 88% and 91% of initial oxidized components already after 10 s, respectively. Moreover, we observed an increase in the efficiency with a plasma-thermal reduction in comparison to a thermal method, which was attributed to the presence of atomic hydrogen in the plasma phase. Analysis of morphology revealed the formation of Fe–C structures on surfaces after thermal and plasma-thermal treatments at 200 °C and 300 °C that may be connected with the diffusion of bulk contaminations to the deoxidized surface and reactions between the reduced Fe with plasma-activated adventitious carbon. Conclusively, the plasma was characterized by analyzing the reactive species and the electron temperatures.

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Microstructural Evolution and Behavior of Deuterium in a Ferritic ODS 12 Cr Steel Annealed at Different Temperatures

Pereira

Wang

Morgan

et al. 2022

Metall Mater Trans A

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In the present work, an ODS 12 Cr steel was characterized using Electron Microscopy techniques, in an as-received condition and after annealing treatments between 773 K and 1573 K. Results show a complex microstructure, with the presence of fine Y–Ti–O nanoparticles dispersed in the matrix. After annealing at 1573 K, the average diameter of Y–Ti–O nanoparticles increases from ~ 4 to ~ 7 nm and partial recrystallization occurs. The trapping behavior of deuterium in the steel in its as-received state and annealed at 1573 K was investigated. Samples were exposed to low-energy deuterium plasma and analyzed with thermal desorption spectroscopy, after waiting times of 1 day and 25 days. The samples measured 1 day after exposure released a higher total amount of deuterium than the ones measured after 25 days. The effect of waiting time is explained by the release of deuterium, at 300 K, from sites with low activation energy for detrapping, Ed. In the as-received condition, part of the deuterium detrapped at 300 K was re-trapped by high-Ed sites. For the samples in the annealed condition, the redistribution of deuterium from low-Ed to high-Ed sites was not observed, but the total amount of deuterium released was higher.

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Surface modification and deuterium retention in reduced-activation steels under low-energy deuterium plasma exposure. Part I: undamaged steels

Abstract: In the present work, reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steels including

Cited by 20 publications

References 40 publications

Surface modification and deuterium retention in reduced-activation steels exposed to low-energy, high-flux pure and helium-seeded deuterium plasmas

Surface modification and deuterium retention in reduced-activation steels exposed to low-energy, high-flux pure and helium-seeded deuterium plasmas

Atmospheric Non-thermal Plasma Reduction of Natively Oxidized Iron Surfaces

Microstructural Evolution and Behavior of Deuterium in a Ferritic ODS 12 Cr Steel Annealed at Different Temperatures

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