Surface grafting of microfibrillated cellulose with poly(ε-caprolactone) – Synthesis and characterization

Lönnberg, Hanna; Fogelström, Linda; Berglund, Lars A.; Malmström, Eva; Hult, Anders

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.06.023

Cited by 177 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Chemical surface modification efficiently tackles this problem (Habibi 2014). Among the many different routes for surface modification reported, esterification with acetic anhydride or long chain carboxylic acids (Rodionova et al 2010;Lee et al 2011;Bulota et al 2012);grafting of polymers (Lönnberg et al 2008;Littunen et al 2011;Missoum et al 2012);cationization (Hasani et al 2008;Syverud et al 2010); silylation (Goussé et al 2004;Andresen et al 2006;Lu et al 2008a, b), and TEMPO oxidation (Saito et al 2006;Fukuzumi et al 2009) are mentioned as important examples. Even though highly successful at the laboratory scale, the up-scaling of these wetchemical approaches to industrial dimensions, involving partly pricey reagents and repeated solvent transfers is most probably quite cost-intensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry, hydrophobic microfibrillated cellulose powder obtained in a simple procedure using alkyl ketene dimer

et al. 2016

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In order to produce dry and hydrophobic microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) in a simple procedure, its modification with alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) was performed. For this purpose, MFC was solventexchanged to ethyl acetate and mixed with AKD dissolved in the same solvent. Curing at 130°C for 20 h under the catalysis of 1-methylimidazole yielded a dry powder. Scanning electron microscopy of the powder indicated loss in nanofibrillar structure due to aggregation, but discrete microfibrillar structures were still present. Water contact angle measurements of films produced from modified and unmodified MFC showed high hydrophobicity after AKD treatment, which persisted even after extraction with THF for 8 h. The hydrophobized MFC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray analysis. In summary, strong indications for the presence of AKD on the surface of MFC before and after extraction with solvent were found, but only a very small amount of covalent b-ketoester linkages between the modification agent and cellulose was revealed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry, hydrophobic microfibrillated cellulose powder obtained in a simple procedure using alkyl ketene dimer

et al. 2016

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“…In 2008, Lönnberg et al [128] modified the surface of MFC extracted from wood pulp by grafting poly(ε-caprolactone) via ring-opening polymerization. MFC was mixed with ε-caprolactone (weight ratio of 1:10) into a one-necked flask under magnetic stirring.…”

Section: Non-hydrosoluble Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulosic Bionanocomposites: A Review of Preparation, Properties and Applications

2010

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Cellulose is the most abundant biomass material in nature. Extracted from natural fibers, its hierarchical and multi-level organization allows different kinds of nanoscaled cellulosic fillers-called cellulose nanocrystals or microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)-to be obtained. Recently, such cellulose nanoparticles have been the focus of an exponentially increasing number of works or reviews devoted to understanding such materials and their applications. Major studies over the last decades have shown that cellulose nanoparticles could be used as fillers to improve mechanical and barrier properties of biocomposites. Their use for industrial packaging is being investigated, with continuous studies to find innovative solutions for efficient and sustainable systems. Processing is more and more important and different systems are detailed in this paper depending on the polymer solubility, i.e., (i) hydrosoluble systems, (ii) non-hydrosoluble systems, and (iii) emulsion systems. This paper intends to give a clear overview of cellulose nanoparticles reinforced composites with more than 150 references by describing their preparation, characterization, properties and applications. OPEN ACCESSPolymers 2010, 2 729

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“…The polymerizations were performed similarly to previously described procedures. 16,17 Pre-dried MFC-films (2 pieces of 2*3 cm 2 and 1 piece of 2*1 cm 2 )…”

Section: Synthesis Of Mfc-films Grafted With Pcl (Mfc-pcl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 We have previously confirmed that ring-opening polymerization (ROP) is a versatile technique in order to covalently graft polymers directly from cellulose substrates, via a grafting-from approach. 16,17 Surface characterizations of the PCL-grafted substrates with different graft lengths, as well as various prefunctionalization of the cellulosic surfaces, have shown significant impact on the surface composition, the surface morphology as well as the hydrophobic properties. 16 In addition, for PCL-grafted nanosized cellulose, longer grafts gradually improved the dispersion in non-polar solvent and showed a gradual change 4 in the thermal properties and in the crystallization behavior of the PCL grafts, which verified an increase in graft length with higher target DP, i.e., ratio of added monomer to initiator.…”

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confidence: 99%

Investigation of the graft length impact on the interfacial toughness in a cellulose/poly(ε-caprolactone) bilayer laminate

Lönnberg

Fogelström

Zhou

et al. 2011

Composites Science and Technology

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Please cite this article as: Lönnberg, H., Fogelström, L., Zhou, Q., Hult, A., Berglund, L., Malmström, E., Investigation of the graft length impact on the interfacial toughness in a cellulose/poly(ε-caprolactone) bilayer laminate, Composites Science and Technology (2010), doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ABSTRACTInterfacial adhesion between immiscible cellulose-polymer interfaces is a crucial property for fibrous biocomposites. To tailor the interfacial adhesion, the grafting of polymers from cellulose films was studied using ring-opening polymerization of -caprolactone. The poly( -caprolactone) (PCL) grafted cellulose was analyzed with FTIR, AFM and via water CA measurements. The graft length was varied by the addition of a free initiator, enabling tailoring of the interfacial toughness. Films of microfibrillated cellulose were grafted with PCL and hot-pressed together with a PCL film to form a bilayer laminate. Interfacial peeling toughness correlates very strongly with PCL degree of polymerization (DP). PCL 2 grafts form physical entanglements in the PCL matrix and promote significant plastic deformation in the PCL bulk, thus increasing interfacial peeling energy.

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Surface grafting of microfibrillated cellulose with poly(ε-caprolactone) – Synthesis and characterization

Cited by 177 publications

References 28 publications

Dry, hydrophobic microfibrillated cellulose powder obtained in a simple procedure using alkyl ketene dimer

Dry, hydrophobic microfibrillated cellulose powder obtained in a simple procedure using alkyl ketene dimer

Cellulosic Bionanocomposites: A Review of Preparation, Properties and Applications

Investigation of the graft length impact on the interfacial toughness in a cellulose/poly(ε-caprolactone) bilayer laminate

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