Suppression of influenza virus infection by rhinovirus interference – at the population, individual and cellular levels

Tao, Kin Pong; Chong, Marc KC; Chan, Kathy YY; Pun, Jason CS; Tsun, Joseph Gs; Chow, S. P.; Ng, Calvin S. H.; Wang, Maggie HT; Chan, Paul K.S.; Li, Albert Martin; Chan, Wing-Yee

doi:10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100147

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Nonantigenic competitive interactions among respiratory viruses have been suggested based on clinical data analyses ( 12 , 13 ) and were recapitulated within animal models ( 14 , 15 ). Two very recent studies ( 16 , 17 ) demonstrated that an innate immunity mechanism, specifically antiviral cytokine signaling, is implicated in the interference between RV and IAV: blocking the type I interferon (IFN) response restores IAV replication following RV infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Protects Bystander Cells against Influenza A Virus Infection by Triggering Secretion of Type I and Type III Interferons

Czerkies

Kochańczyk

Korwek

et al. 2022

J Virol

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Protects Bystander Cells against Influenza A Virus Infection by Triggering Secretion of Type I and Type III Interferons

Czerkies

Kochańczyk

Korwek

et al. 2022

J Virol

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“…Going deeper in the analysis, the authors showed that, in airway epithelial cells infected with rhinovirus, chemokines and cytokines (CXCL10, CCL5, CXCL9), interferons (IFNL1, IFNL2, IFNL3) and RNA processing factor (APOBEC3A) were upregulated. On the other hand, the genes BBS9, DYNC2H1, UNC119B, related to cilium assembly, resulted downregulated ( 59 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview on viral interference during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Matera,

Manti,

Petrarca

et al. 2023

Front. Pediatr.

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Respiratory viruses represent the most frequent cause of mortality, morbidity and high healthcare costs for emergency visits and hospitalization in the pediatric age. Respiratory viruses can circulate simultaneously and can potentially infect the same host, determining different types of interactions, the so-called viral interference. The role of viral interference has assumed great importance since December 2019, when the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) came on the scene. The aim of this narrative review is to present our perspective regarding research in respiratory virus interference and discuss recent advances on the topic because, following SARS-CoV-2 restrictions mitigation, we are experimenting the co-circulation of respiratory viruses along with SARS-CoV-2. This scenario is raising many concerns about possible virus-virus interactions, both positive and negative, and the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic management of these coinfections. Moreover, we cannot rule out that also climatic conditions and social behaviours are involved. Thus, this situation can lead to different population epidemic dynamics, including changes in the age of the targeted population, disease course and severity, highlighting the need for prospective epidemiologic studies and mathematical modelling able to predict the timing and magnitude of epidemics caused by SARS-CoV-2/seasonal respiratory virus interactions in order to adjust better public health interventions.

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“…In the past, similar viral interference has been observed between rhinovirus and influenza. 53 Few studies have considered demographic risk factors beyond age for rhinovirus infection. Rhinovirus infection was more likely in Black participants and participants living in South King County or households with ≥5 people compared to White participants and those living in North King County or households with <5 people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in risk factors and symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 and Rhinovirus test positivity in King County, Washington: A Test-Negative Design Study of the Greater Seattle Coronavirus Assessment Network

Hansen

Perofsky

Burstein

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Importance: Few US studies have reexamined risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 positivity in the context of widespread vaccination and new variants or considered risk factors for co-circulating endemic viruses, such as rhinovirus. Objective: To understand how risk factors and symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 test positivity changed over the course of the pandemic and to compare these to the factors associated with rhinovirus test positivity. Design: This test-negative design study used multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between SARS-CoV-2 and rhinovirus test positivity and self-reported demographic and symptom variables over a 22-month period. Setting: King County, Washington, June 2020-April 2022 Participants: 23,278 symptomatic individuals of all ages enrolled in a cross-sectional community surveillance study. Exposures: Self-reported data for 15 demographic and health behavior variables and 16 symptoms. Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s): RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 or rhinovirus infection. Results: Close contact with a SARS-CoV-2 case (adjusted odds ratio, aOR 4.3, 95% CI 3.7-5.0) and loss of smell/taste (aOR 3.7, 95% CI 3.0-4.5) were the variables most associated with SARS-CoV-2 test positivity, but both attenuated during the Omicron period. Contact with a vaccinated case (aOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.7-3.3) was associated with a lower odds of test positivity than contact with an unvaccinated case (aOR 4.4, 95% CI 2.7-7.3). Sore throat was associated with Omicron infection (aOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.6-3.2) but not Delta. Vaccine effectiveness for participants fully vaccinated with a booster dose was 43% (95% CI 11-63%) for Omicron and 92% (95% CI 61-100%) for Delta. Variables associated with rhinovirus test positivity included age <12 years (aOR 4.0, 95% CI 3.5-4.6) and reporting a runny or stuffy nose (aOR 4.6, 95% CI 4.1-5.2). Race, region, and household crowding were significantly associated with both SARS-CoV-2 and rhinovirus test positivity. Conclusions and Relevance: Estimated risk factors and symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection have changed over time. There was a shift in reported symptoms between the Delta and Omicron variants as well as reductions in the protection provided by vaccines. Racial and socioeconomic disparities persisted in the third year of SARS-CoV-2 circulation and were also present in rhinovirus infection, although the causal pathways remain unclear. Trends in testing behavior and availability may influence these results.

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Suppression of influenza virus infection by rhinovirus interference – at the population, individual and cellular levels

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Protects Bystander Cells against Influenza A Virus Infection by Triggering Secretion of Type I and Type III Interferons

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Protects Bystander Cells against Influenza A Virus Infection by Triggering Secretion of Type I and Type III Interferons

An overview on viral interference during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Trends in risk factors and symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 and Rhinovirus test positivity in King County, Washington: A Test-Negative Design Study of the Greater Seattle Coronavirus Assessment Network

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