Supplementation with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) to breastfeeding mothers for improving child growth and development

Delgado-Noguera, Mario; Calvache, Jose Andrés; Cosp, Xavier Bonfill

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007901.pub2

Cited by 58 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…It is, however, unlikely that these effects are explained by the addition of AA as other studies seem to indicate such effects in RCTs with maternal n-3 LCPUFA-supplementation, in agreement with the previously mentioned meta-analysis of all RCT of n-3 LCPUFA-supplemented lactating mothers (43) and other systematic reviews of the effect of perinatal n-3 LCPUFAsupplementation of mothers (45,46). Long-term follow-up studies of RCTs have found a possible role of maternal fish oil or fish intake on the offspring's risk of allergy, but the role of early dietary AA-supply in this context is not known (47,48).…”

Section: Commentary Lauritzen Et Alsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…However, the heterogeneous study designs with respect to doses, supplementation strategies, group size and methodologies for primary outcome assessment complicate attempts to combine data in metaanalyses to achieve conclusions with respect to the functional consequences of the addition of LCPUFA, or the specific effects of AA addition. A meta-analysis of RCTs that supplemented lactating mothers with n-3 LCPUFA showed that infants of supplemented mothers were around 1 cm shorter at 2 y, but had larger heads at 1-2 y of age (43). Thus, although these studies do not allow for definitive conclusions about potential effects of dietary AA (44), they do not indicate that dietary AA is important for growth.…”

Section: Brain Composition In Infancy-influence Of Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This meta-analysis did not find any effect of prematurity on the efficacy of LCPUFA-supplementation nor did it find an effect of LCPUFA dose, although there was a trend towards an effect of DHA dose (β = 9(−6; 23)), without any such trend for AA (β = −0.3(−7.9;7.3)) (52). Meta-analyses looking at the developmental effects of maternal n-3 LCPUFAsupplementation in pregnancy and lactation have suggested some effects on neurodevelopment, but this was based on very few studies (43,53). It should be noted that the age at which the effects were examined in the different RCTs, both those with direct addition of LCPUFA to formula and maternal n-3 LCPUFA trials varied a lot, and that the effects in the first few years of life may not be representative of effects in the long term.…”

Section: Commentary Lauritzen Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary arachidonic acid in perinatal nutrition: a commentary

Lauritzen

Fewtrell²,

Agostoni

2014

Pediatr Res

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Section: Commentary Lauritzen Et Alsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Brain Composition In Infancy-influence Of Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Commentary Lauritzen Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary arachidonic acid in perinatal nutrition: a commentary

Lauritzen

Fewtrell²,

Agostoni

2014

Pediatr Res

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“…As recently reviewed, there is insufficient evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to support or refute the practice of giving n-3 LCPUFA supplementation ("fish oil") to breastfeeding mothers to improve infant growth, children's neurodevelopment, visual acuity, or allergy risk (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast milk fatty acid profile in relation to infant growth and body composition: results from the INFAT study

et al. 2013

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Background: There is some evidence that the n-6/n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) ratio in early nutrition, and thus in breast milk, could influence infant body composition. Methods:In an open-label randomized controlled trial (RCT), 208 healthy pregnant women were allocated to a dietary intervention (supplementation with 1,200 mg n-3 LCPUFAs per day and instructions to reduce arachidonic acid (AA) intake) from the 15th wk of gestation until 4 mo of lactation or to follow their habitual diet. Breast milk LCPUFAs at 6 wk and 4 mo postpartum were related to infant body composition assessed by skinfold thickness (SFT) measurements and ultrasonography during the first year of life. results: Dietary intervention significantly reduced breast milk n-6/n-3 LCPUFAs ratio. In the whole sample, early breast milk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and n-3 LCPUFAs at 6 wk postpartum were positively related to the sum of four SFT measurements at age 1. Breast milk AA and n-6 LCPUFAs at 6 wk postpartum were negatively associated with weight, BMI, and lean body mass (LBM) up to 4 mo postpartum. conclusion: Breast milk n-3 LCPUFAs appear to stimulate fat mass growth over the first year of life, whereas AA seems to be involved in the regulation of overall growth, especially in the early postpartum period. t he amount of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) in human breast milk is subject to maternal nutrition and further modified by maternal adipose tissue stores (1), gestational age and stage of lactation (2,3), and the individual's genetic constitution (variants in the FADS1/2 gene cluster) (4,5). There is an ongoing debate about whether the amount of n-3 LCPUFAs, and particularly the proportions of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA,, provided to the developing infant during the breastfeeding period may result in functional differences of health outcomes in the offspring.As recently reviewed, there is insufficient evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to support or refute the practice of giving n-3 LCPUFA supplementation ("fish oil") to breastfeeding mothers to improve infant growth, children's neurodevelopment, visual acuity, or allergy risk (6).An upcoming question in the context of fetal programming of later disease susceptibility is whether the balance between the n-6 and n-3 LCPUFAs in early nutrition, and thus in breast milk, could play a role in childhood obesity (7). Although prenatal and/or postnatal n-3 LCPUFA supplementation has been shown to reduce obesity in rodents (8,9), although not consistently proven (10,11), evidence in humans is limited and restricted to a few post hoc studies using in large part inadequate methods to assess infant fat mass (12).The INFAT (The Impact of Nutritional Fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation for early human Adipose Tissue development) study addresses the question as to whether lowering the n-6/n-3 long-chain fatty acid (FA) ratio in the diet of pregnant and breastfeeding women may reduce adipose tissue growth early ...

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“…Indeed, recent meta-analyses and systematic reviews have concluded to no clear benefit on child's psychomotor development of supplementing both term and preterm infants with formulas enriched in LC-PUFA (Schulzke et al, 2011;Simmer et al, 2011). Trials supplementing pregnant or lactating women with fish-oil rich in LC-PUFA have not resulted in more evidence regarding similar outcomes in children (Delgado-Noguera et al, 2010;Gould et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life exposure to polyunsaturated fatty acids and psychomotor development in children from the EDEN mother-child cohort

Bernard

Armand

Forhan

et al. 2015

OCL

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-Epidemiological studies have reported that breastfed children have improved psychomotor development compared to never breastfed children. Human studies suggest that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially long chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) which are highly contained in breast milk, could explain this link, since they are needed for pre-and postnatal brain development. Our aim was to study the relationships between several measures of pre-and postnatal exposures to PUFA and child's psychomotor development at 2 and 3 years in the EDEN cohort. We evaluated breastfeeding duration, colostrum PUFA levels and maternal dietary PUFA intake during pregnancy, that we related with three scores of psychomotor development, after taking into account potential confounders. Breastfeeding duration was positively associated with psychomotor development. No relationship was found with both pre-and postnatal exposure to LC-PUFA. However, the maternal dietary omega-6/omega-3 ratio was negatively associated with psychomotor development, mainly driven by intake in linoleic acid (LA). Among breastfed children, linoleic acid levels were negatively associated with psychomotor development. Furthermore, children exposed to the highest colostrum LA levels tended to score closer to never breastfed children than to children exposed to the lowest colostrums LA levels. Taken together, these results do not provide evidence in favour of a positive role of pre-and postnatal exposure to LC-PUFA on later psychomotor development, but highlight a potential negative role of being exposed in early life to high LA levels. From a public health perspective, this work reiterates the need to promote breastfeeding duration, and to monitor the balance of PUFA intake during pregnancy and lactation periods.Keywords: Cohort studies / maternal nutrition / breast milk / polyunsaturated fatty acids / psychomotor development Résumé -Exposition précoce aux acides gras polyinsaturés et développement psychomoteur des enfants de la cohorte mère-enfant EDEN. Nombre d'études épidémiologiques ont montré que les enfants allaités au sein bénéfi-ciaient d'un meilleur développement psychomoteur que les enfants non allaités. Des études suggèrent une implication des acides gras polyinsaturés (AGPI) oméga-6 et oméga-3, notamment ceux à longue chaine (AGPI-LC) que l'on trouve en quantité dans le lait maternel, et qui sont nécessaires au développement du cerveau du foetus et du bébé. Notre objectif était d'étudier les relations entre plusieurs mesures d'expositions pré-et postnatales aux AGPI, et le développement psychomoteur à deux et trois ans des enfants de la cohorte EDEN. Ainsi nous avons évalué la durée d'allaitement maternel, la teneur du colostrum en AGPI, et les apports nutritionnels maternels pendant la grossesse, qui ont été ensuite mis en relation, après prise en compte de facteurs de confusion potentiels, à trois scores de développement psychomoteur évalué par questionnaire. psychomoteur. Ni les apports nutritionnels en AGPI-LC pendant la grossesse, ni les teneu...

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Supplementation with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) to breastfeeding mothers for improving child growth and development

Cited by 58 publications

References 76 publications

Dietary arachidonic acid in perinatal nutrition: a commentary

Dietary arachidonic acid in perinatal nutrition: a commentary

Breast milk fatty acid profile in relation to infant growth and body composition: results from the INFAT study

Early life exposure to polyunsaturated fatty acids and psychomotor development in children from the EDEN mother-child cohort

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