Supplementation of protease and different nutrient density diets in growing-finishing pigs

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of protease supplementation and different nutrient density of diets in growing-finishing pigs. A total of one hundred-eight crossbred growing pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) with an initial body weight (BW; 18.74 ± 3.46 kg) were used for 15 weeks. Pigs were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments with 6 replicates of 3 pigs per pen in a 3 × 2 factorial through the following arrangement: Three groups of protease (1, Basal diets; 2, Protease A: 125 mg/kg protease derived from Streptomyces sps; 3, Protease B: 100 mg/kg protease derived from Bacillus licheniformis ) at two different nutrient density diets (1, Basal requirement; 2, 0.94%–0.98% higher than requirement in dietary protein and 50 kcal/kg in energy). High nutrient (HN) diets showed higher average daily gain (ADG) ( p < 0.05) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein (CP) ( p < .0001) compared to basal nutrient (BN) diets during growing periods. Supplementation of protease showed higher BW ( p < 0.05) and ADG ( p < 0.05) compared to non-supplementation of protease during growing periods. Also, supplementation of protease showed higher ATTD of CP ( p < 0.01), ATTD of gross energy ( p < 0.05) and decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level ( p = 0.001) compared to non-supplementation of protease during finishing periods. Pigs which fed the protease showed decreased ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions ( p < 0.05) during experiment periods and decreased hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) emissions ( p < 0.01) during finishing periods. Interactions between nutrient density and protease were observed, which decreased the feed conversion ratio ( p < 0.05) in HN diets without protease compared to BN diets without protease during weeks 4 to 6. Also, interaction between nutrient density and protease was observed, which resulted in improved ATTD of CP ( p < 0.01) in response to PTA supplementation with HN diets during the finishing period. In conclusion, supplementation of protease reduces NH 3 in feces and BUN in whole blood by increasing the digestibility of CP and improves growth performance. Also, diets with high nutrient density improved growth performance and nutrient digestibility in growing periods.

Strategies for reducing noxious gas emissions in pig production: a comprehensive review on the role of feed additives

“…These enzymes are widely utilized in the food and feed industry to enhance digestion and nutrient utilization [ 45 , 46 ]. Dietary enzymes are also used in reducing noxious gas emissions in livestock farming, a significant environmental concern highlighted in research by Ravindran [ 47 ] and Park et al [ 48 ]. In pigs, the primary cause of noxious gas emissions is the fermentation of undigested feed components in the large intestine, specifically non-starch polysaccharides found in plant-based feeds like soybean meal, corn, and wheat.…”