Supplemental UV-A and UV-B Affect the Nutritional Quality of Lettuce and Tomato: Health-Promoting Phytochemicals and Essential Nutrients

Lee, Myungjin; Rivard, Cary L.; Pliakoni, Eleni D.; Wang, Weiqun; Rajashekar, C. B.

doi:10.4236/ajps.2021.121007

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This further suggests that UV plays an important role in the accumulation of phenolic compounds in lettuce. This is consistent with the results from our previous greenhouse study on the same lettuce varieties, which showed that supplementing solar radiation with UV-A enhanced the concentration of many flavonoids in the red leaf 'New Red Fire' lettuce [32]. Additionally, similar observations have been made on red leaf lettuce (Lollo Russo) where increasing levels of UV radiation increased the accumulation of phenolic acids and flavonoids in the leaves [31] and also, in lettuce grown in an open field as opposed to high tunnels [7,16].…”

Section: Individual Phenolic Compounds and Carotenoidssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This may be due to the reduced overall flux of PAR and UV in the high tunnels due to the high tunnel coverings. However, in contrast, in a previous greenhouse study on tomato, Lee et al [32] showed that actually supplementing solar radiation with UV enhanced the accumulation of carotenoids including lycopene, lutein, and β-carotene in mature tomato fruits.…”

Section: Lettucementioning

confidence: 68%

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Spectral Blocking of Solar Radiation in High Tunnels by Poly Covers: Its Impact on Nutritional Quality Regarding Essential Nutrients and Health-Promoting Phytochemicals in Lettuce and Tomato

et al. 2021

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Spectral characteristics of solar radiation have a major role in plant growth and development and the overall metabolism, including secondary metabolism, which is important for the accumulation of health-promoting phytochemicals in plants. The primary focus of this study was to determine the effect of spectral characteristics of solar radiation on the nutritional quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., cv. red leaf ‘New Red Fire’ and green leaf ‘Two Star’ and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. BHN-589) grown in high tunnels in relation to the accumulation of essential nutrients and phytochemicals. Solar spectrum received by crops was modified using photo-selective poly covers. Treatments included commonly used standard poly, luminescence poly (diffuse poly), clear poly, UV blocking poly, exposure of crops grown under the standard poly to full sun 2 weeks prior to harvest (akin to movable tunnel), and 55% shade cloth on the standard poly. All the poly covers and shade cloth reduced the PAR levels in the high tunnels, and the largest reduction was by the shade cloth, which reduced the solar PAR by approximately 48%. Clear poly allowed the maximum UV-A and UV-B radiation, while standard poly allowed only a small fraction of the solar UV-A and UV-B (between 15.8% and 16.2%). Clear poly, which allowed a higher percentage of solar UV-A (60.5%) and UV-B (65%) than other poly covers, increased the total phenolic concentration and the antioxidant capacity in red leaf lettuce. It also increased the accumulation of flavonoids, including quercetin-3-glucoside, luteolin-7-glucoside, and apigenin-3-glucoside in red leaf lettuce, compared to the standard poly. Brief exposure of crops grown in high tunnels to full sun prior to harvest produced the largest increase in the accumulation of quercetin-3-glucoside, and it also resulted in an increase in luteolin-7-glucoside and apigenin-3-glucoside in red leaf lettuce. Thus, clear poly and brief exposure of red leaf lettuce to the full sun, which can increase UV exposure to the plants, produced a positive impact on its nutritional quality. In contrast, shade cloth which allowed the lowest levels of solar PAR, UV-A and UV-B relative to the other poly covers had a negative impact on the accumulation of the phenolic compounds in red leaf lettuce. However, in green leaf lettuce, luminesce poly, clear poly, UV-block poly, and shade treatments increased the accumulation of many essential nutrients, including protein, magnesium, and sulfur in green leaf lettuce compared to the standard poly. Poly cover treatments including shade treatment did not affect the accumulation of either carotenoids (lutein, β-carotene, and lycopene) or essential nutrients in mature tomato fruits. The results show that clear poly cover can enhance the accumulation of many phenolic compounds in red leaf lettuce, as does the brief exposure of the crop to the full sun prior to harvest. Thus, UV radiation plays an important role in the accumulation of phenolic compounds in red leaf lettuce while the overall spectral quality of solar radiation has a significant influence on the accumulation of essential nutrients in green leaf lettuce.

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Section: Individual Phenolic Compounds and Carotenoidssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Lettucementioning

confidence: 68%

Spectral Blocking of Solar Radiation in High Tunnels by Poly Covers: Its Impact on Nutritional Quality Regarding Essential Nutrients and Health-Promoting Phytochemicals in Lettuce and Tomato

et al. 2021

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“…Lettuce is rich in fiber, fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins A, C, E, B1, B2, and B3, proteins, and minerals (Cu, Al, Na, Mg, K and Ca) (Kim et al, 2016). In addition, it has phytochemical compounds (Sofo et al, 2016;Lee et al, 2021), which provide antioxidant properties (Zapata-Vahos et al, 2020). The micronutrients application through the biofortification of crops is a very useful tool not only to increase the amount of minerals, but also, the production of bioactive compounds is considerably improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Biofortification Improves Yield, Nutraceutical Quality and Antioxidant Capacity in Lettuce

Preciado-Rangel

Campos-Ortiz

Chávez³

et al. 2021

Trop Subtrop Agroecosyst

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Background: Zinc (Zn) is an important element in human health and is consumed through foods of animal origin. However, the biofortification of plants with Zn can be a strategy for the consumption of this micronutrient and to increase the morphology, physiology, and plant yield. Objective: Quantify the effect of Zn application on yield, nutraceutical quality and antioxidant activity of lettuce. Methodology: Foliar application of ZnSO4 (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 µM L-1) on lettuce plants was made. Yield, nutraceutical quality and the concentration of Zn in the plant tissue was determinate. Results: The optimum Zn dose that maximized yield and nutraceutical quality, as well as the recommended consumption concentration in lettuce in this study was 75 µM L-1 (ZnSO4). Implications: Higher doses of Zn decreased bioactive compound biosynthesis. Conclusion: Zn biofortification is an alternative to increase phytochemical compound biosynthesis and yield with the possibility of improving public health.

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“…UVB radiation has been reported to induce the production of harmful molecules, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus damaging plant organs and primary metabolites, and reducing photosynthesis, all of which are necessary for plant life [ 38 , 39 ]. In response to UVB stress, plants can activate secondary metabolism, leading to increased levels of secondary metabolites that act as antioxidants by scavenging ROS [ 40 ]. In this study, ABTS analysis showed increased scavenging activities in UVB-treated purple kohlrabi sprouts, compared to purple kohlrabi sprouts grown without UVB treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Analyses and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity in Purple Kohlrabi Sprouts after Exposed to UVB Radiation

et al. 2022

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Various metabolites act as plant defense molecules due to their antioxidant abilities. This study aimed to investigate the influence of UVB irradiation on the accumulation of metabolites, including primary metabolites (sugar, sugar alcohols, amino acids, organic acids, and an amine) and secondary metabolites (anthocyanins, fatty acids, and phenolic acids), and its synergistic antioxidant ability, in purple kohlrabi sprouts. Metabolite analyses revealed a total of 92 metabolites in the sprouts. Specifically, the levels of most amino acids increased after 24 h of UVB treatment, and then slightly decreased in the kohlrabi sprouts. The levels of most sugars and sugar alcohols increased after 24 h of UVB treatment and then decreased. The levels of TCA cycle intermediates and phenolic acids gradually increased during the UVB treatment. Furthermore, the levels of some fatty acids gradually increased during the UVB treatment, and the levels of the other fatty acids increased after 6 h of UVB treatment and then decreased. In particular, the levels of most anthocyanins, known to be strong antioxidants, gradually increased after 24 h of UVB treatment. In the in vitro ABTS scavenging assay, UVB-treated purple kohlrabi sprouts showed increased scavenging ability. This may be attributed to the increased accumulation of metabolites acting as antioxidants, in response to UVB treatment. This study confirmed that UVB irradiation induced the alteration of primary and secondary metabolism in the kohlrabi sprouts.

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Supplemental UV-A and UV-B Affect the Nutritional Quality of Lettuce and Tomato: Health-Promoting Phytochemicals and Essential Nutrients

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

Spectral Blocking of Solar Radiation in High Tunnels by Poly Covers: Its Impact on Nutritional Quality Regarding Essential Nutrients and Health-Promoting Phytochemicals in Lettuce and Tomato

Spectral Blocking of Solar Radiation in High Tunnels by Poly Covers: Its Impact on Nutritional Quality Regarding Essential Nutrients and Health-Promoting Phytochemicals in Lettuce and Tomato

Zinc Biofortification Improves Yield, Nutraceutical Quality and Antioxidant Capacity in Lettuce

Metabolic Analyses and Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity in Purple Kohlrabi Sprouts after Exposed to UVB Radiation

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