Supplemental trace minerals (zinc, copper, manganese, and cobalt) as Availa-4 or inorganic sources for shipping-stressed beef cattle

Kegley, E. B.; Pass, M.R.; Moore, J. Carrick; Larson, C. K.

doi:10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30361-2

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, in regard to trace-mineral supple-mentation from sulfate or organic sources, results have not been consistent. Kegley et al (2012) observed an increase in ADG and final BW over a 42-d backgrounding period in newly received calves supplemented with organic trace minerals versus calves supplemented with sulfate sources at levels identical to those fed in the current study.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 48%

“…Thus, BVD type 1 antibody titer response alone cannot be used to describe trace-mineral source effect on vaccine response. Kegley et al (2012) reported no difference in BVD virus (which encompasses both BVD type 1 and 2), bovine respiratory syncytial virus, or bovine parainfluenza 3 after vaccination but did observe increases in infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus antibody titers in calves supplemented with sulfate sources of Zn, Mn, Cu, and Co compared with those supplemented with amino-acid-complex sources of Zn, Mn, and Cu, and Co glucoheptonate. Because the current study did not examine any virus other than BVD type 1 titers, a direct comparison cannot be made.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…As was the case with growth performance, morbidity results have not been consistent across trials. In a previous study, Kegley et al (2012) reported a tendency for a decrease in the percentage of calves receiving a second antibiotic treatment and a tendency for the second treatment to be administered 1-d later in calves that were supplemented with amino-acidcomplex trace minerals versus those supplemented with sulfate sources. A total of 175 calves were measured for BVD type 1 antibody titer response to respiratory vaccination.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Supplemental trace minerals (zinc, copper, and manganese) as sulfates, organic amino acid complexes, or hydroxy trace-mineral sources for shipping-stressed calves

Ryan¹,

Kegley²,

Hawley³

et al. 2015

The Professional Animal Scientist

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Crossbred calves (n = 350; average BW 240 ± 1 kg) were obtained from regional livestock auctions. Within each set (block, n = 4), calves were stratified by BW and arrival sex into 1 of 8, 0.42-ha pens (10 to 12 calves per pen). Pens were assigned randomly = 3 pens per block) sources. During the 42-to 45-d backgrounding period calves had ad libitum access to bermudagrass hay and were fed corn and dried distillers grain-based supplements that served as carrier for the treatments. After removal of data for chronic (n = 6) and deceased (n = 1) calves, tracemineral source had no effect on final or intermediate BW (P = 0.86) or ADG (P ≥ 0.24). With all data included in the analysis, dietary treatments had no effect on the number treated once (P = 0.93), twice (P = 0.71), or 3 times (P = 0.53) for bovine respiratory disease or on the number of calves classified as chronic (P = 0.55). Based on these results, tracemineral source had no effect on total BW gain, ADG, or morbidity during the receiving phase in shipping-stressed cattle.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Supplemental trace minerals (zinc, copper, and manganese) as sulfates, organic amino acid complexes, or hydroxy trace-mineral sources for shipping-stressed calves

Ryan¹,

Kegley²,

Hawley³

et al. 2015

The Professional Animal Scientist

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“…All diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous and formulated to meet requirements for energy, protein, macrominerals, Se, I, and vitamins (Table 1) of pregnant cows during the last trimester of gestation (NRC, 2000). The INR and AAC sources were mixed with the corn; formulated to provide the same daily amount of Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn (based on 7 g/cow daily of Availa 4; Siciliano-Jones et al, 2008;Kegley et al, 2012) as described in Table 1; and offered separately from hay in a different section of the same feed bunk. All diets (forage + concentrate) were limit fed at 10.8 kg of DM/cow daily, offered once daily (0700 h) from d 0 of the experiment until calving, and completely consumed within 6 h after feeding.…”

Section: Cow-calf Management and Dietary Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of organic or inorganic cobalt, copper, manganese, and zinc supplementation to late-gestating beef cows on productive and physiological responses of the offspring1

Marques

Cooke

Rodrigues

et al. 2016

Journal of Animal Science

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Eighty-four multiparous, nonlactating, pregnant Angus × Hereford cows were ranked by pregnancy type (56 AI and 28 natural service), BW, and BCS and allocated to 21 drylot pens at the end of their second trimester of gestation (d 0). Pens were assigned to receive forage-based diets containing 1) sulfate sources of Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn (INR); 2) an organic complexed source of Cu, Mn, Co, and Zn (AAC; Availa 4; Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN); or 3) no supplemental Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn (CON). Diets were offered from d 0 until calving and formulated to meet requirements for energy, protein, macrominerals, Se, I, and vitamins. The INR and AAC diets provided the same daily amount of Cu, Co, Mn, and Zn. Cow BW and BCS were recorded and liver samples were collected on d -10 and 2 wk (d 75) before the calving season. Within 3 h after calving, calf BW was recorded, liver samples were collected, and the expelled placenta was retrieved ( = 47 placentas). Calves were weaned on d 283 of the experiment, preconditioned for 45 d (d 283 to 328), transferred to a growing lot on d 328, and moved to a finishing lot on d 440 where they remained until slaughter. Liver Co, Cu, and Zn concentrations on d 75 were greater ( ≤ 0.05) for INR and AAC cows compared with CON cows, whereas INR cows had reduced ( = 0.04) liver Co but greater ( = 0.03) liver Cu compared with AAC cows. In placental cotyledons, Co concentrations were greater ( ≤ 0.05) in AAC and INR cows compared with CON cows, whereas Cu concentrations were increased ( = 0.05) only in AAC cows compared with CON cows. Calves from INR and AAC cows had greater ( < 0.01) liver Co concentrations at birth compared with calves from CON cows. Liver Cu and Zn concentrations at birth were greater ( ≤ 0.05) in calves from AAC cows compared with cohorts from CON cows. Weaning BW was greater ( ≤ 0.05) in calves from AAC cows compared with cohorts from CON cows, and this difference was maintained until slaughter. In the growing lot, calves from AAC cows had reduced ( < 0.01) incidence of bovine respiratory disease compared with CON and INR cohorts. Collectively, these results suggest that feeding the AAC diet to late-gestating beef cows stimulated programming effects on postnatal offspring growth and health compared with the CON diet. Therefore, supplementing late-gestating beef cows with an organic complexed source of Co, Cu, Zn, and Mn instead of no supplementation appears to optimize offspring productivity in beef production systems.

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“…Dorton et al (2006) supplemented Cu, Zn, Mn, and Co from 2 sources (sulfates or amino acid complexes) for 30 d of on-farm backgrounding and a 28 d feedlot receiving period, and they found no differences in morbidity or mortality rates. Ryan et al (2015) found no effects of source of trace mineral (Zn, Cu, and Mn from sulfates, organic amino acid complexes, or hydroxyl sources) on BW gain or morbidity during the receiving period; however, in a previous study Kegley et al (2012) observed a greater final weight in receiving cattle supplemented with organic amino acid complexes versus sulfates. Sharman et al (2008) compared trace minerals (Cu, Zn, and Mn) from sulfates and Co carbonate versus iso-amounts of Cu, Zn, Mn amino acid complexes and Co glucoheptonate and found no effect on growth performance or percentage morbidity.…”

Section: Role Of Trace Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 80%

BILL E. KUNKLE INTERDISCIPLINARY BEEF SYMPOSIUM: Impact of mineral and vitamin status on beef cattle immune function and health1,2

Kegley¹,

Ball²,

Beck³

2016

Journal of Animal Science

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The importance of optimal mineral and vitamin nutrition on improving immune function and health has been recognized in the preceding decades. In the southeast, beef cattle are raised predominantly on forages that may be limiting in nutrients for optimal health, especially trace minerals such as Cu, Zn, and Se. Clinical deficiencies of these nutrients produce classic symptoms that are common to several nutrient deficiencies (e.g., slow growth and unthrifty appearance); however, subclinical deficiencies are more widespread and more difficult to detect, yet may result in broader economic losses. Dietary mineral concentrations often considered adequate for maximum growth, reproductive performance, or optimal immune function have been found to be insufficient at times of physiological stress (weaning, transport, comingling, etc.), when feed intake is reduced. The impacts of these deficiencies on beef cattle health are not apparent until calves have been subjected to these stressors. Health problems that are exacerbated by mineral or vitamin deficiencies include bovine respiratory disease, footrot, retained placenta, metritis, and mastitis. Many micronutrients have antioxidant properties through being components of enzymes and proteins that benefit animal health. In dairy cattle, high levels of supplemental Zn are generally associated with reduced somatic cell counts and improved foot health, possibly reflecting the importance of Zn in maintaining effective epithelial barriers. Neutrophils isolated from ruminants deficient in Cu or Se have reduced ability to kill ingested bacteria in vitro. Supplemental vitamin E, in its role as an intracellular antioxidant has been shown to decrease morbidity in stressed calves. There is more understanding of the important biological role that these nutrients play in the functioning of the complex and multifaceted immune system. However, there is still much to be learned about determining the micronutrient status of herds (and hence when supplementation will be beneficial), requirements for different genetic and environmental conditions, understanding the bioavailability of these nutrients from feedstuffs and forages, quantifying the bioavailability of different supplemental sources of these nutrients, and identifying the impact of dietary antagonists on these nutrients.

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Supplemental trace minerals (zinc, copper, manganese, and cobalt) as Availa-4 or inorganic sources for shipping-stressed beef cattle

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Supplemental trace minerals (zinc, copper, and manganese) as sulfates, organic amino acid complexes, or hydroxy trace-mineral sources for shipping-stressed calves

Supplemental trace minerals (zinc, copper, and manganese) as sulfates, organic amino acid complexes, or hydroxy trace-mineral sources for shipping-stressed calves

Effects of organic or inorganic cobalt, copper, manganese, and zinc supplementation to late-gestating beef cows on productive and physiological responses of the offspring1

BILL E. KUNKLE INTERDISCIPLINARY BEEF SYMPOSIUM: Impact of mineral and vitamin status on beef cattle immune function and health1,2

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