Supervised Learning Occurs in Visual Perceptual Learning of Complex Natural Images

Abstract

Highlights d Supervised learning mechanisms are involved in VPL of complex natural images d Detailed feedback is required for long-term retention of VPL of natural images d VPL improves the detection of subtle lesions in mammograms d VPL can be used to develop clinical training tools for radiologists

Fundamental Differences in Visual Perceptual Learning between Children and Adults

“…To this aim, hit and false alarm rates for discriminating the task-irrelevant learning direction were calculated and combined into the d' score, separately for each of the four coherent motion levels tested during pretest and posttest. If the subject's hit rate or false alarm rate was below 0.005 or above 0.995, this rate was set to 0.005 or 0.995, respectively (following the procedure by Frank et al 43 ). Therefore, the minimum/maximum z-values could be À2.58/+2.58 and the minimum/maximum d' values could be À5.15/+5.15.…”

A behavioral training protocol using visual perceptual learning to improve a visual skill

“…Several factors modulate the development of VPL, including (but not limited to) (1) the total number of training sessions (e.g., Karni and Sagi, 1991 ), (2) the number of trials per training session (e.g., Amar-Halpert et al., 2017 ; Shmuel et al., 2020 ), (3) feedback signals during training (e.g., Fahle and Edelman, 1993 ; Herzog and Fahle, 1997 ; Frank et al., 2020a ), (4) reinforcement signals during training (e.g., Seitz and Watanabe, 2003 ; Law and Gold, 2009 ; Roelfsema et al., 2010 ), (5) a night of continuous sleep (∼6–8 h) between successive training sessions (e.g., Tamaki et al., 2020 ), and (6) subject expertise prior to training (e.g., Bejjanki et al., 2014 ). We will briefly discuss the effectiveness of each factor in the Experimental design considerations .…”

“…In the study of Frank et al. (2020a) , we used VPL to improve the visual detection abilities of naïve subjects for subtle targets in complex natural images.…”

“…This protocol can be adapted for the professional training of experts (radiologists) or to improve visual skills for other tasks, such as the detection of targets in photo or video surveillance. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Frank et al. (2020a) .…”

“…For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Frank et al. (2020a) .…”