Superselective Intraophthalmic Artery Chemotherapy

Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings following Retinoblastoma Treatment by Chemotherapy

“…There may be several mechanisms to explain post-IAC choroidal thinning and also the reduction of SCD and DCD in this study in accordance with others. 32 33 Possible reasons include chemotherapy agent-related, dose, concentration, and PH-related vascular toxicity. Chemotherapy-related thrombosis and mechanical vasospasm are already reported.…”

“… 27 Although pharmacokinetics and potential toxicity of melphalan to the eye are unclear, its instability and poor solubility may be potentially the cause of retinal and CC vessel toxicity at high concentrations. 33 …”

Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings following Retinoblastoma Treatment by Chemotherapy

“…There may be several mechanisms to explain post-IAC choroidal thinning and also the reduction of SCD and DCD in this study in accordance with others. 32 33 Possible reasons include chemotherapy agent-related, dose, concentration, and PH-related vascular toxicity. Chemotherapy-related thrombosis and mechanical vasospasm are already reported.…”

“… 27 Although pharmacokinetics and potential toxicity of melphalan to the eye are unclear, its instability and poor solubility may be potentially the cause of retinal and CC vessel toxicity at high concentrations. 33 …”

Rabbit Model of Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy Toxicity Demonstrates Retinopathy and Vasculopathy Related to Drug and Dose, Not Procedure or Approach

“…Some authors have suggested that at least some of the toxicity associated with IAC might be related to the procedure itself, either due to iatrogenic embolus formation from clots, from iatrogenically introduced foreign material, from iatrogenic occlusion of vascular flow, or from iatrogenic damage to the vessels themselves 19,20. To explore the possibility that the procedure itself caused downstream damage to the retina or vasculature independent of the drug being infused, we performed the procedure infusing saline, as a control.…”

Long‐term outcomes of Group D retinoblastoma eyes during the intravitreal melphalan era

“…A monkey model of intraarterial chemotherapy has demonstrated evidence of vascular endothelial toxicity and diffuse retinal deposits following treatment. [51][52][53] In this study, we assessed the outcomes of 52 Group D eyes of 44 Rb patients treated at CHLA over a 6-year period during the IVC era and demonstrated an overall high success rate with our approach.…”

“…Although no significant ocular side effects have been reported with intravenous chemotherapy, intraarterial chemotherapy has been associated with rare cases of vision loss and choroidal and arterial occlusion. A monkey model of intraarterial chemotherapy has demonstrated evidence of vascular endothelial toxicity and diffuse retinal deposits following treatment …”

Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings following Retinoblastoma Treatment by Chemotherapy

“…There may be several mechanisms to explain post-IAC choroidal thinning and also the reduction of SCD and DCD in this study in accordance with others. 32 33 Possible reasons include chemotherapy agent-related, dose, concentration, and PH-related vascular toxicity. Chemotherapy-related thrombosis and mechanical vasospasm are already reported.…”

“… 27 Although pharmacokinetics and potential toxicity of melphalan to the eye are unclear, its instability and poor solubility may be potentially the cause of retinal and CC vessel toxicity at high concentrations. 33 …”

Rabbit Model of Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy Toxicity Demonstrates Retinopathy and Vasculopathy Related to Drug and Dose, Not Procedure or Approach

“…Some authors have suggested that at least some of the toxicity associated with IAC might be related to the procedure itself, either due to iatrogenic embolus formation from clots, from iatrogenically introduced foreign material, from iatrogenic occlusion of vascular flow, or from iatrogenic damage to the vessels themselves 19,20. To explore the possibility that the procedure itself caused downstream damage to the retina or vasculature independent of the drug being infused, we performed the procedure infusing saline, as a control.…”

Long‐term outcomes of Group D retinoblastoma eyes during the intravitreal melphalan era

“…A monkey model of intraarterial chemotherapy has demonstrated evidence of vascular endothelial toxicity and diffuse retinal deposits following treatment. [51][52][53] In this study, we assessed the outcomes of 52 Group D eyes of 44 Rb patients treated at CHLA over a 6-year period during the IVC era and demonstrated an overall high success rate with our approach.…”

“…Although no significant ocular side effects have been reported with intravenous chemotherapy, intraarterial chemotherapy has been associated with rare cases of vision loss and choroidal and arterial occlusion. A monkey model of intraarterial chemotherapy has demonstrated evidence of vascular endothelial toxicity and diffuse retinal deposits following treatment …”

Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings following Retinoblastoma Treatment by Chemotherapy

“…There may be several mechanisms to explain post-IAC choroidal thinning and also the reduction of SCD and DCD in this study in accordance with others. 32 33 Possible reasons include chemotherapy agent-related, dose, concentration, and PH-related vascular toxicity. Chemotherapy-related thrombosis and mechanical vasospasm are already reported.…”

“… 27 Although pharmacokinetics and potential toxicity of melphalan to the eye are unclear, its instability and poor solubility may be potentially the cause of retinal and CC vessel toxicity at high concentrations. 33 …”

Rabbit Model of Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy Toxicity Demonstrates Retinopathy and Vasculopathy Related to Drug and Dose, Not Procedure or Approach

“…Some authors have suggested that at least some of the toxicity associated with IAC might be related to the procedure itself, either due to iatrogenic embolus formation from clots, from iatrogenically introduced foreign material, from iatrogenic occlusion of vascular flow, or from iatrogenic damage to the vessels themselves 19,20. To explore the possibility that the procedure itself caused downstream damage to the retina or vasculature independent of the drug being infused, we performed the procedure infusing saline, as a control.…”

Long‐term outcomes of Group D retinoblastoma eyes during the intravitreal melphalan era

“…A monkey model of intraarterial chemotherapy has demonstrated evidence of vascular endothelial toxicity and diffuse retinal deposits following treatment. [51][52][53] In this study, we assessed the outcomes of 52 Group D eyes of 44 Rb patients treated at CHLA over a 6-year period during the IVC era and demonstrated an overall high success rate with our approach.…”

“…Although no significant ocular side effects have been reported with intravenous chemotherapy, intraarterial chemotherapy has been associated with rare cases of vision loss and choroidal and arterial occlusion. A monkey model of intraarterial chemotherapy has demonstrated evidence of vascular endothelial toxicity and diffuse retinal deposits following treatment …”