Superradiant and lasing states in driven-dissipative Dicke models

Kirton, Peter; Keeling, Jonathan

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/aaa11d

Cited by 90 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The relation of lasing and superradiance is made clear if one considers the generalized Dicke model (with

λ^{'} \neq λ

) combined with the incoherent pumping discussed above . In this case, one sees two distinct ordered states: a lasing state that continuously connects to the state with

λ^{'} = 0

, and a superradiant state that connects to the Dicke model with

λ^{'} = λ, γ_{↑} = 0

.…”

Section: Superradiance and Lasingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These two states occupy disconnected regions on the

λ^{'}, γ_{↑}

phase diagram—see Figure . From a physical perspective, the lasing and superradiant transitions can be clearly distinguished as lasing only occurs when

false⟨ σ^{z} false⟩ > 0

, while the superradiant state occurs only for

false⟨ σ^{z} false⟩ < 0

…”

Section: Superradiance and Lasingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From a physical perspective, the lasing and superradiant transitions can be clearly distinguished as lasing only occurs when σ z > 0, while the superradiant state occurs only for σ z < 0. [108] In addition to the presence or absence of inversion, the lasing and the superradiant phase have a different nature: In the superradiant phase the field is locked to the rotating frame of the pump. In contrast, in a lasing phase, the coherent emission is not locked to the pump frequency and is time dependent in the frame of the pump.…”

Section: Regular and Counter-lasing Transitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This transition occurs when the counter-rotating terms lead to a coherent emission of photons from the cavity. It was termed the "inverted-lasing" [108] or "counter-lasing" [118] transition and was observed experimentally by Zhiqiang et al, [8] see Figure 6.…”

Section: Regular and Counter-lasing Transitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introduction to the Dicke Model: From Equilibrium to Nonequilibrium, and Vice Versa

et al. 2018

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The Dicke model describes the coupling between a quantized cavity field and a large ensemble of two‐level atoms. When the number of atoms tends to infinity, this model can undergo a transition to a superradiant phase, belonging to the mean‐field Ising universality class. The superradiant transition was first predicted for atoms in thermal equilibrium and was recently realized with a quantum simulator made of atoms in an optical cavity, subject to both dissipation and driving. This progress report offers an introduction to some theoretical concepts relevant to the Dicke model, reviewing the critical properties of the superradiant phase transition and the distinction between equilibrium and nonequilibrium conditions. In addition, it explains the fundamental difference between the superradiant phase transition and the more common lasing transition. This report mostly focuses on the steady states of atoms in single‐mode optical cavities, but it also mentions some aspects of real‐time dynamics, as well as other quantum simulators, including superconducting qubits, trapped ions, and using spin–orbit coupling for cold atoms. These realizations differ in regard to whether they describe equilibrium or nonequilibrium systems.

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“…The relation of lasing and superradiance is made clear if one considers the generalized Dicke model (with

λ^{'} \neq λ

) combined with the incoherent pumping discussed above . In this case, one sees two distinct ordered states: a lasing state that continuously connects to the state with

λ^{'} = 0

, and a superradiant state that connects to the Dicke model with

λ^{'} = λ, γ_{↑} = 0

.…”

Section: Superradiance and Lasingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These two states occupy disconnected regions on the

λ^{'}, γ_{↑}

phase diagram—see Figure . From a physical perspective, the lasing and superradiant transitions can be clearly distinguished as lasing only occurs when

false⟨ σ^{z} false⟩ > 0

, while the superradiant state occurs only for

false⟨ σ^{z} false⟩ < 0

…”

Section: Superradiance and Lasingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regular and Counter-lasing Transitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regular and Counter-lasing Transitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introduction to the Dicke Model: From Equilibrium to Nonequilibrium, and Vice Versa

et al. 2018

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“…Truncating this description by neglecting operator correlations above some order leads to a closed set of equations. This method was already applied in the context of cavity QED [56][57][58][59] , but a systematic study of the importance of the different terms appearing in the expansion has not been provided yet. We here present an extensive study of how different truncations of the cumulant expansion perform in the computation of the dynamics of the quantum emitter and EM modes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cumulant expansion for the treatment of light–matter interactions in arbitrary material structures

Mónica

Silva

Feist

2020

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Strong coupling of quantum emitters with confined electromagnetic modes of nanophotonic structures may be used to change optical, chemical and transport properties of materials, with significant theoretical effort invested towards a better understanding of this phenomenon. However, a full theoretical description of both matter and light is an extremely challenging task. Typical theoretical approaches simplify the description of the photonic environment by describing it as a single or few modes. While this approximation is accurate in some cases, it breaks down strongly in complex environments, such as within plasmonic nanocavities, and the electromagnetic environment must be fully taken into account. This requires the quantum description of a continuum of bosonic modes, a problem that is computationally hard. We here investigate a compromise where the quantum character of light is taken into account at modest computational cost. To do so, we focus on a quantum emitter that interacts with an arbitrary photonic spectral density and employ the cumulant or cluster expansion method to the Heisenberg equations of motion up to first, second and third order. We benchmark the method by comparing with exact solutions for specific situations and show that it can accurately represent dynamics for many parameter ranges.Light-matter interaction is of paramount importance for unraveling the laws of nature and its deep understanding allows us to control and manipulate physical and chemical systems. In particular, one can modify the properties of a quantum emitter simply by changing its electromagnetic environment, for example by enclosing it within an optical cavity. This may give rise to a change of the decay rate for spontaneous emission in the weak coupling regime, the so-called Purcell effect 1 , or to the appearance of hybrid light-matter states, socalled polaritons, in the strong-coupling regime 2-5 . Over the last decades, it has been shown that strong light-matter coupling can be achieved using a large variety of physical implementations as the "cavity" that provides the electromagnetic field confinement. These include Fabry-Perot cavities consisting of two mirrors 5 , propagating surface plasmon polaritons 6 , plasmonic hole 7 and nanoparticle arrays 8 , isolated plasmonic nanoparticles 9 and nanoparticle-on-mirror geometries 10,11 , as well as hybrid cavities combining plasmonic and dielectric materials [12][13][14] . In many of these systems, the electromagnetic field modes are not well-described by isolated lossy cavity modes, and a correct treatment demands theoretical approaches that are able to deal with the complexity of the electromagnetic field modes and their spectrum.In principle, to treat the problem of light-matter interaction, one can rely on the most general theory that describes light and matter on equal footing, i.e., quantum electrodynamics (QED) 15 . However, treating all light and matter degrees of freedom in the systems described above in a quantum mechanical way is an intractable problem and approx...

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