Superporous hydrogels for cartilage repair: Evaluation of the morphological and mechanical properties

Spiller, Kara L.; Laurencin, Samuel J.; Charlton, Devon C.; Maher, Suzanne A.; Lowman, Anthony M.

doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2007.09.001

Cited by 105 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…For a higher number of freezing and thawing cycles, in spite of increasing nanoporosity, permeability studies suggest a complex relationship between crystallinity, pore interconnectivity, permeability and pore tortuosity that results in a decrease in permeability with the number of cycles [31].…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An “in vitro” experimental model to predict the mechanical behavior of macroporous scaffolds implanted in articular cartilage

Vikingsson

Ferrer

Gómez-Tejedor

et al. 2014

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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A model is proposed to assess mechanical behaviour of tissue engineering scaffolds and predict their performance "in vivo" during tissue regeneration. To simulate the growth of tissue inside the pores of the scaffold, the scaffold is swollen with a Poly (Vinyl alcohol) solution and subjected to repeated freezing and thawing cycles. In this way the Poly (Vinyl alcohol) becomes a gel whose stiffness increases with the number of freezing and thawing cycles. Mechanical properties of the construct immersed in water are shown to be determined, in large extent, by the water mobility constraints imposed by the gel filling the pores. This is similar to the way that water mobility determines mechanical properties of highly hydrated tissues, such as articular cartilage. As a consequence, the apparent elastic modulus of the scaffold in compression tests is much higher than those of the empty scaffold or the gel. Thus this experimental model allows assessing fatigue behaviour of the scaffolds under long-term dynamic loading in a realistic way, without recourse to animal experimentation. L. Vikingsson, et al., J Mech Behav Biomed 32 (2014) 125-131 2

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Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ESEM images show that both cartilage and PVA hydrogels are porous structures with small holes [31]. Water is retained within the polymer network due to the hydrophilic group of the polymer chains.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An “in vitro” experimental model to predict the mechanical behavior of macroporous scaffolds implanted in articular cartilage

Vikingsson

Ferrer

Gómez-Tejedor

et al. 2014

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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“…The mechanical properties of dry scaffold are not representative of the behavior of the material when immersed in cell culture media or during in vivo experiments, as the porous will be filled with aqueous media and/or growing tissue that will strongly contribute to the scaffold mechanical response. For dry scaffolds, the mechanical properties will depend mainly on the inner morphology, in particular, pore size and polymer wall thickness and interconnectivity 5 . On the other hand, when the scaffold is immersed in an aqueous media, there are other factors that contribute for scaffold mechanical behavior as well, such as hydrodynamics and permeability inside the porous structure 5,6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For dry scaffolds, the mechanical properties will depend mainly on the inner morphology, in particular, pore size and polymer wall thickness and interconnectivity 5 . On the other hand, when the scaffold is immersed in an aqueous media, there are other factors that contribute for scaffold mechanical behavior as well, such as hydrodynamics and permeability inside the porous structure 5,6 . Water is known for its low compressibility and any factor limiting water permeation through the material will increase apparent scaffold stiffness and therefore the influence of liquid media cannot be disregarded 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitromechanical fatigue behavior of poly‐ɛ‐caprolactone macroporous scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering: Influence of pore filling by a poly(vinyl alcohol) gel

et al. 2014

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In vitro mechanical fatigue behavior of poly-ɛ-caprolactone macroporous scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering: Influence of pore filling by a poly(vinyl alcohol) gel AbstractPolymeric scaffolds used in regenerative therapies are implanted in the damaged tissue and submitted to repeated loading cycles. In the case of articular cartilage engineering, an implanted scaffold is typically subjected to long-term dynamic compression. The evolution of the mechanical properties of the scaffold during bioresorption has been deeply studied in the past, but the possibility of failure due to mechanical fatigue has not been properly addressed. Nevertheless, the macroporous scaffold is susceptible to failure after repeated loading-unloading cycles. In this work fatigue studies of polycaprolactone scaffolds were carried by subjecting the scaffold to repeated compression cycles in conditions simulating the scaffold implanted in the articular cartilage. The behavior of the polycaprolactone sponge with the pores filled with a poly(vinyl alcohol) gel simulating the new formed tissue within the pores was compared with that of the material immersed in water. Results were analyzed with Morrow's criteria for failure and accurate fittings are obtained just up to 200 loading cycles. It is also shown that the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) increases the elastic modulus of the scaffolds, the effect being more pronounced with increasing the number of freeze/thawing cycles. AbstractPolymeric scaffolds used in regenerative therapies are implanted in the damaged tissue and submitted to repeated loading cycles. In the case of articular cartilage engineering, an implanted scaffold is typically subjected to long term dynamic compression. The evolution of the mechanical properties of the scaffold during bioresorption has been deeply studied in the past, but the possibility of failure due to mechanical fatigue has not been properly addressed.Nevertheless, the macroporous scaffold is susceptible to failure after repeated loading-unloading cycles. In this work fatigue studies of polycaprolactone scaffolds were carried by subjecting the scaffold to repeated compression cycles in conditions simulating the scaffold implanted in the articular cartilage. The behaviour of the polycaprolactone sponge with the pores filled with a poly(vinyl alcohol) gel simulating the new formed tissue within the pores was compared with that of the material immersed in water. Results were analyzed with Morrow's criteria for failure 2 and accurate fittings are obtained just up to 200 loading cycles. It is also shown that the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol) increases the elastic modulus of the scaffolds, the effect being more pronounced with increasing the number of freeze/thawing cycles.

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“…The properties of the dry scaffold are not representative of that of the scaffold with the pores filled by a growing tissue or simply by a fluid. In dry scaffolds, mechanical properties mainly depend on its inner morphology, in particular pore size, geometry and interconnectivity (Spiller et al, 2008). However, in the scaffold immersed in a liquid medium other factors can influence the mechanical properties as well, such as the hydrodynamics and permeability inside the scaffold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue prediction in fibrin poly-ε-caprolactone macroporous scaffolds

Panadero

Vikingsson

Ribelles

et al. 2013

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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Tissue engineering applications rely on scaffolds that during its service life, either for in-vivo or in vitro applications, are under mechanical solicitations. The variation of the mechanical condition of the scaffold is strongly relevant for cell culture and has been scarcely addressed.Fatigue life cycle of poly-ε-caprolactone, PCL, scaffolds with and without fibrin as filler of the pore structure were characterized both dry and immersed in liquid water. It is observed that the there is a strong increase from 100 to 500 in the number of loading cycles before collapse in the samples tested in immersed conditions due to the more uniform stress distributions within the samples, the fibrin loading playing a minor role in the mechanical performance of the scaffolds.

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Superporous hydrogels for cartilage repair: Evaluation of the morphological and mechanical properties

Cited by 105 publications

References 35 publications

An “in vitro” experimental model to predict the mechanical behavior of macroporous scaffolds implanted in articular cartilage

An “in vitro” experimental model to predict the mechanical behavior of macroporous scaffolds implanted in articular cartilage

In vitromechanical fatigue behavior of poly‐ɛ‐caprolactone macroporous scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering: Influence of pore filling by a poly(vinyl alcohol) gel

Fatigue prediction in fibrin poly-ε-caprolactone macroporous scaffolds

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