Superior Water-Resistant Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate) Flame Retardant and a Transparent, Flame-Retardant, and Biodegradable Poly(lactide) Blend Film

Abstract

An environmentally friendly and superefficient flame retardant poly­(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate) (PHEMAP) was synthesized through precipitated polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate (HEMAP). The cross-linked PHEMAP microscale particles exhibited superior water resistance and high thermal stability, which could effectively prevent the release of phosphorus-containing compounds into the environment. Poly­(lactide) (PLA) with only 0.5 wt % PHEMAP achieved UL-94 V-0 rating, and its limited oxygen index (LOI) value was 28%. Remarkably, the PLA/PHEMAP films maintained good transparency, owing to their similar refractive indices and uniform dispersion of PHEMAP microparticles in the PLA matrix. This study explored a kind of sustainable, transparent, and superefficient flame-retardant PLA blend film to expand its potential application in mobile phones, automotive interiors, and three-dimensional (3D) printing fields.

Improving the toughness and flame retardancy of poly (lactic acid) with phosphorus‐containing core‐shell particles

“…It can be seen that, compared to NS, new absorption peaks at 1728 and 1640 cm −1 corresponding to the stretching vibration of C═O and C═C respectively, are found for ES, which indicates the ES was successfully synthesized 31 . For HEMAP, the characteristic absorption peaks at 1633 and 940 cm −1 belong to the stretching and bending vibrations of the C═C bond respectively, and the peak at 1684 cm −1 is assigned to the association hydrogen bond 12 . For FR‐CSS, the absorption peak at 1633 cm −1 is significantly weakened and the absorption peak at 940 cm −1 is absent, and the absorption band resulting from association hydrogen‐bond interaction at 1684 cm −1 disappeared, which demonstrates the double bond in HEMAP has been reacted with EA.…”

“…31 For HEMAP, the characteristic absorption peaks at 1633 and 940 cm À1 belong to the stretching and bending vibrations of the C═C bond respectively, and the peak at 1684 cm À1 is assigned to the association hydrogen bond. 12 For FR-CSS, the absorption peak at 1633 cm À1 is significantly weakened and the absorption peak at 940 cm À1 is absent, and the absorption band resulting from association hydrogen-bond interaction at 1684 cm À1 disappeared, which demonstrates the double bond in HEMAP has been reacted with EA. Besides, the peak at 1448 cm À1 indicates the presence of CH 2 .…”

“…In recent years, various environmentally friendly halogen-free flame retardants have been prepared to improve the flame retardancy of polymers, such as ammonium polyphosphate (APP), 10,11 aluminum hypophosphate, [12][13][14] intumescent flame-retardant systems. [15][16][17] Hence, the phosphorus-based flame retardants (PFRs) stand out owing to high flame retardancy efficiency.…”

Noncovalent self‐assembled supramolecular aggregate decorated nickel‐aluminum layered double hydroxides nanosheets for reinforcing the flame retardancy of PLA

“…To this end, poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is now recognized as a promising high‐quality green low‐carbon biopolymer for the electronics, three‐dimensional (3D) printed fields, medical, textile and packaging applications owing to its excellent easy availability, biodegradability and prominent mechanical properties 1–3 . However, PLA molecular chains composed of carbon and oxygen elements are highly flammable, which makes it unable to satisfy the fire prevention demands in many fields and extremely restricts its extended application scope 4,5 . Herein, it is essential to exploit highly efficient flame retardant for PLA, which is conducive to industrial production by using low energy consumption and low pollution method supporting a low carbon economy.…”

DOPO-Decorated Two-Dimensional MXene Nanosheets for Flame-Retardant, Ultraviolet-Protective, and Reinforced Polylactide Composites

“…Plastic pollution has raised serious environmental concerns due to the world’s inability to effectively deal with the increasing production and disposal of the petroleum-based plastics. , Developing renewable, cost-effective, and biodegradable plastics to replace the petroleum-based one is an efficient way to mitigate the detrimental impact of plastic pollution on human lives and the environment. Polylactic acid (PLA), an aliphatic polyester obtained from renewable agricultural sources such as corn and sugar cane, has been extensively praised as a highly promising biopolymer owing to its outstanding biocompatibility, easy availability, cost-effectiveness, and good mechanical property with stupendous application potential in medical, packaging, agricultural, and engineering fields. − However, the intrinsic flammability with severe melt dripping and the high ultraviolet (UV) transmittance of PLA severely restrained its applications. − Inherently, PLA possesses a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of ∼19% lower than that of atmospheric oxygen (∼21%), which makes it extremely susceptible to fire hazards than most conventional polymers. , As a result, there is a demand for an efficient flame retardant (FR) that can increase the LOI and improve the fire safety of PLA when applied for engineering applications.…”