Supercycle at the Ecuadorian subduction zone revealed after the 2016 Pedernales earthquake

Nocquet, Jean‐Mathieu; Jarrín, Paúl; Vallée, Martin; Mothes, Patricia; Grandin, R.; Rolandone, F.; Delouis, Bertrand; Yépes, Hugo; Font, Yvonne; Fuentes, David; Régnier, Marc; Laurendeau, Aurore; Cisneros, David A.; Hernández, Stephen; Sladen, Anthony; Singaucho, Juan Carlos; Mora, Héctor Plascencia; Gómez, J. Sierra; Montes, Luis; Charvis, P.

doi:10.1038/ngeo2864

Cited by 140 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Our results are to first order consistent with 300 some previously published models (e.g., Nocquet et al, 2017;Chlieh et al, 2014). In partic-301 ular, our coupling model presented in Fig.…”

supporting

confidence: 82%

“…Green's functions are computed for a semi-80 infinite stratified elastic medium derived from regional velocity models shown in Fig. S2 81 (Béthoux et al, 2011;Vallee et al, 2013;Nocquet et al, 2017). We account for prediction 82 uncertainties due to inaccuracies in this layered model using the approach of Duputel et al…”

Section: Nocquet Et Al (2014) From 29 Stations Installed In Ecuador mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rupture directivity and the location of the southernmost asperity, with slip up to 8 m 217 below the coastline, can probably explain the large damages that have been reported south 218 of the city of Pedernales (Nocquet et al, 2017). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because these events seem to cluster 247 in time, it has been suggested that strain released by most recent earthquakes exceeds the 248 deformation that accumulated inter-seismically since 1906 (Nocquet et al, 2017;Yi et al, 249 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7, cumulative slip snapshots in Fig. 8, and supplementary 208 movie M2; Ye et al, 2016;Nocquet et al, 2017;Yi et al, 2018 of the equator in Fig. 1 and supplementary movie M1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain budget of the Ecuador-Colombia subduction zone: a stochastic view

Gombert¹,

Duputel²,

Jolivet³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The 2016 Pedernales earthquake (M W =7.8) ruptured a portion of the Colombia-Ecuador subduction interface where several large historical earthquakes have been documented since the great 1906 earthquake (M =8.6). Considering all significant ruptures that occurred in the region, it has been suggested that the cumulative moment generated co-seismically along this part of the subduction over the last century exceeds the moment deficit accumulated interseismically since 1906. Such an excess challenges simple models with earthquakes resetting the elastic strain accumulated inter-seismically in locked asperities. These inferences are however associated with large uncertainties that are generally unknown. The impact of spatial smoothing constraints on co-seismic and inter-seismic models also prevents any robust assessment of the strain budget. We propose a Bayesian kinematic slip model of the 2016 Pedernales earthquake using the most comprehensive dataset to date including InSAR and * Corresponding author

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supporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Nocquet Et Al (2014) From 29 Stations Installed In Ecuador mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7, cumulative slip snapshots in Fig. 8, and supplementary 208 movie M2; Ye et al, 2016;Nocquet et al, 2017;Yi et al, 2018 of the equator in Fig. 1 and supplementary movie M1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strain budget of the Ecuador-Colombia subduction zone: a stochastic view

Gombert¹,

Duputel²,

Jolivet³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Subducted oceanic relief locks the shallow megathrust in central Ecuador

et al. 2017

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Whether subducted oceanic reliefs such as seamounts promote seismic rupture or aseismic slip remains controversial. Here we use swath bathymetry, prestack depth‐migrated multichannel seismic reflection lines, and wide‐angle seismic data collected across the central Ecuador subduction segment to reveal a broad ~55 km × 50 km, ~1.5–2.0 km high, low height‐to‐width ratio, multipeaked, sediment‐bare, shallow subducted oceanic relief. Owing to La Plata Island and the coastline being located, respectively, ~35 km and ~50–60 km from the trench, GPS measurements allow us to demonstrate that the subducted oceanic relief spatially correlates to a shallow, ~80 km × 55 km locked interplate asperity within a dominantly creeping subduction segment. The oceanic relief geometrical anomaly together with its highly jagged topography, the absence of a subduction channel, and a stiff erosive oceanic margin are found to be long‐term geological characteristics associated with the shallow locking of the megathrust. Although the size and level of locking observed at the subducted relief scale could produce an Mw >7+ event, no large earthquakes are known to have happened for several centuries. On the contrary, frequent slow slip events have been recorded since 2010 within the locked patch, and regular seismic swarms have occurred in this area during the last 40 years. These transient processes, together with the rough subducted oceanic topography, suggest that interplate friction might actually be heterogeneous within the locked patch. Additionally, we find that the subducted relief undergoes internal shearing and produces a permanent flexural bulge of the margin, which uplifted La Plata Island.

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Super‐interseismic periods: Redefining earthquake recurrence

Loveless

2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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Precise geodetic measurements made over broad swaths of tectonically active regions record patterns of interseismic strain accumulation, providing key insights into the locus and timing of pending earthquakes. Recent studies of geodetic position time series, including that of Melnick et al. (2017), illustrate temporal variation in the pattern of interseismic deformation. These authors propose that the 2010 Mw = 8.8 Maule, Chile, earthquake enhanced coupling on the Andean subduction zone adjacent to the rupture, including on the portion of the megathrust that broke 5 years later in the Mw = 8.3 Illapel event.

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Supercycle at the Ecuadorian subduction zone revealed after the 2016 Pedernales earthquake

Cited by 140 publications

References 57 publications

Strain budget of the Ecuador-Colombia subduction zone: a stochastic view

Strain budget of the Ecuador-Colombia subduction zone: a stochastic view

Subducted oceanic relief locks the shallow megathrust in central Ecuador

Super‐interseismic periods: Redefining earthquake recurrence

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