Supercritical fluid chromatography for vitamin and carotenoid analysis: an update covering 2011-2021

Tomai, Pierpaolo; Bosco, Chiara Dal; D’Orazio, Giovanni; Scuto, Francesca Romana; Felli, Nina; Gentili, Alessandra

doi:10.1016/j.jcoa.2021.100027

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The analysis of fat-soluble vitamins in the biological samples is not a trivial issue in liquid chromatography but it has been done well by using SFC. 22,23) The analysis of tocopherols in natural products such as wheat germ or vegetable oil by using SFE/SFC was also reported in past decades. 24) However, the analysis of α-T oxidative product has been studied since it was extremely complex and is a short lifetime.…”

Section: Separation Of α-T Oxidative Productsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Rapid Analysis of α-Tocopherol and Its Oxidation Products Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Proton Transfer Reaction Ionization Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2022

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We have developed a rapid and sensitive analytical method for α-tocopherol and its oxidative products by combining online hyphenation of supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with proton transfer reaction (PTR) ionization mass spectrometry (MS). α-Tocopherol is a well-known antioxidant that plays a vital role in the antioxidant defense system in plant cells. However, studies on the cellular mechanisms of α-tocopherol have been limited owing to the lack of a rapid analytical method, which limits the comparison of plant cells incubated in various conditions. Additionally, complex sample preparation and long chromatography separation times are required. Moreover, the majority of the involved molecules are a combination of isomers, which must be separated before applying tandem MS. α-Tocopherol produces the α-tocopheroxyl radical in the first step of its antioxidant function; another ion with the same mass may also be generated from the source. SFC separation effectively distinguished the observed ions from their oxidative products in the sample and those produced during the ionization reaction process. This method enabled the measurement of α-tocopherol and its oxidative products such as α-tocopheroxyl radical and αtocopheryl quinone in approximately 3 min per sample, including the time required for sample preparation.

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Section: Separation Of α-T Oxidative Productsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Rapid Analysis of α-Tocopherol and Its Oxidation Products Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Proton Transfer Reaction Ionization Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2022

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“…Additionally, SFC is characterized by the higher efficiency of molecule separation and rapid analysis time, contributing to the faster method development in comparison to LC. In the last decade, an increased interest can be seen in the application of SFC for tocochromanol determination [ 182 ] ( Table S4—Supplementary Materials ) using columns deigned specially for SFC [ 52 , 182 ] to core–shell ones used in LC [ 12 , 144 ].…”

Section: Chromatographic Techniques Used For Tocochromanol Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free and Esterified Tocopherols, Tocotrienols and Other Extractable and Non-Extractable Tocochromanol-Related Molecules: Compendium of Knowledge, Future Perspectives and Recommendations for Chromatographic Techniques, Tools, and Approaches Used for Tocochromanol Determination

2022

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Free and esterified (bound) tocopherols, tocotrienols and other tocochromanol-related compounds, often referred to “tocols”, are lipophilic antioxidants of great importance for health. For instance, α-tocopherol is the only tocochromanol with vitamin E activity, while tocotrienols have a positive impact on health and are proposed in the prevention and therapy of so-called modern diseases. Tocopherols, tocotrienols and plastochromanol-8 are the most well-known tocochromanols; in turn, knowledge about tocodienols, tocomonoenols, and other rare tocochromanol-related compounds is limited due to several challenges in analytical chemistry and/or low concentration in plant material. The presence of free, esterified, and non-extractable tocochromanols in plant material as well as their biological function, which may be of great scientific, agricultural and medicinal importance, is also poorly studied. Due to the lack of modern protocols as well as equipment and tools, for instance, techniques suitable for the efficient and simultaneous chromatographical separation of major and minor tocochromanols, the topic requires attention and new solutions, and/or standardization, and proper terminology. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different chromatographic techniques, tools and approaches used for the separation and detection of different tocochromanols in plant material and foodstuffs. Sources of tocochromanols and procedures for obtaining different tocochromanol analytical standards are also described. Finally, future challenges are discussed and perspective green techniques for tocochromanol determination are proposed along with best practice recommendations. The present manuscript aims to present key aspects and protocols related to tocochromanol determination, correct identification, and the interpretation of obtained results.

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“…Therefore, it is necessary to prepare samples before instrumental analysis [ 13 ]. Conventional sample preparation methods encompass solvent extraction [ 14 ], microwave-assisted extraction [ 15 ], ultrasonic-assisted extraction [ 16 , 17 ], supercritical extraction [ 18 , 19 ] and the resin method [ 20 ]. Traditional solvent extraction, though effective, involves the extensive use of organic solvents during extraction, leading to notable environmental concerns.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Flavonoid Compounds in Shanxi Aged Vinegars Based on Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent VALLME-HPLC Method: Assessment of the Environmental Impact of the Developed Method

et al. 2023

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This research presents a novel, eco-friendly, vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction (VALLME) approach, integrating hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with HPLC for the identification and quantification of nine specific flavonoids in Shanxi aged vinegar (SAV). The parameters of DES-VALLME, including the ratio of trioctylmethylammonium chloride to 1,4-butanediol (1:6), DES volume (150 μL), vortex duration (5 min), the concentration of NaCl (0.40 g), and centrifugation time (10 min), were optimized to achieve the maximum extraction efficiency of target substances. Under these optimal conditions, quantitative analyses performed via HPLC demonstrated a broad linear range of 0.20–50.00 μg/mL and correlation coefficients (r2) greater than 0.9944 for all nine calibration curves. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.09–0.18 μg/mL and 0.30–0.60 μg/mL, respectively, ensuring high sensitivity. The relative standard deviations for intra-day and inter-day variability were within the acceptable range, 2.34–3.77% and 3.04–4.96%, respectively, demonstrating the method’s reliability. The recovery rates ranged from 85.97% to 108.11%, underscoring the method’s precision. This technique exhibited a significant enrichment effect (enrichment factor: 43 to 296) on SAV flavonoids. Notably, the eco-friendliness of this procedure was evaluated using the Analytical Eco-Scale, Green Analytical Procedure Index, and Analytical Greenness Metric. The results suggested that this technique is a viable green alternative to traditional flavonoid determination methods in SAV. In summary, this novel method provides a theoretical basis for assessing flavonoid content in SAV samples and tracing SAV products. This contribution has significant implications for enhancing analytical techniques in food chemistry and environmental science and the sustainable development of the food industry.

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Supercritical fluid chromatography for vitamin and carotenoid analysis: an update covering 2011-2021

Cited by 6 publications

References 58 publications

Rapid Analysis of α-Tocopherol and Its Oxidation Products Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Proton Transfer Reaction Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Rapid Analysis of α-Tocopherol and Its Oxidation Products Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Proton Transfer Reaction Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Free and Esterified Tocopherols, Tocotrienols and Other Extractable and Non-Extractable Tocochromanol-Related Molecules: Compendium of Knowledge, Future Perspectives and Recommendations for Chromatographic Techniques, Tools, and Approaches Used for Tocochromanol Determination

Determination of Flavonoid Compounds in Shanxi Aged Vinegars Based on Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent VALLME-HPLC Method: Assessment of the Environmental Impact of the Developed Method

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