Supercritical CO2 extraction of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) from the cyanobacterium Arthrospira (Spirulina)maxima: experiments and modeling

Mendes, Rui L.; Reis, Alberto; Pereira, Ana Paula Aparecida; Cardoso, M.A. Tavares; Palavra, A. M. F.; Coelho, José Augusto Paixão

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2004.10.006

Cited by 43 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…When ethanol is used as a co-solvent, polarity of the extracting solvent (in this case, CO 2 ) is increased and the viscosity of the fluid is subsequently altered. The resulting effect is an increase in the solvating power of the CO 2 , and the extraction requires lower temperature and pressure, making it more efficient [24,26,27,30]. Supercritical CO 2 extraction, in combination with a small concentration (usually 10-15%) of ethanol as a co-solvent, has shown to give comparable lipid yields to the benchmark Bligh and Dyer solvent system of chloroform, methanol and water when extracting oil from Arthrospira maxima, as well as Spirulina platensis [17,30,31].…”

Section: Supercritical Fluid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in oil extraction from microalgae

Mercer¹,

Armenta²

2011

Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol.

437

239

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Microalgae are a diverse group of organisms with significant potential for industrial applications: as feedstock in aquaculture as well as in the production of valuable bioproducts such as lipids, carotenoids and enzymes. Lately, developments in molecular biology have improved production yields of algae bioproducts, thus increasing their industrial relevance. Additionally, variations in bioprocessing factors (i.e. temperature, pH, light, carbon source, salinity, nutrients, etc.) have been used to enhance both biomass and specific bioproducts' productivities. Particularly, microalgae have increasingly gained research interest as a source of specialty lipids such as arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, which are often reported in literature to provide several health benefits. Moreover, there has been a recent resurgence in interest in microalgae as an oil producer for biofuel applications. Significant advances have also been made in upstream processing to generate cellular biomass and oil. However, extracting and purifying oil from algae continues to prove a significant challenge in producing both microalgae bioproducts and biofuel, as microbial oil extraction is relatively energy-intensive and costly. Thus, developing inexpensive and robust oil extraction and purification processes is a major challenge facing both the microalgae to bioproduct, and biofuel industries. This paper presents an overview, based on the last 10 years, of advances made in technologies for extracting and purifying microalgae oil. We compared solvent extraction technologies with extraction alternatives such as mechanical milling and pressing, enzymatic and supercritical fluid extraction. We also reviewed recent advances based on molecular engineering of microbes to aid oil extraction. Downstream processing for the potential commercial production of microalgae oil not only must consider economic costs, but should also consider minimizing environmental impacts in order to attain sustainable production processes.

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Section: Supercritical Fluid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in oil extraction from microalgae

Mercer¹,

Armenta²

2011

Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol.

437

239

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“…A number of gases are known to possess desirable selective solvent properties when raised to temperatures and pressures above their critical values [34]. Usually, for oily seeds, CO 2 is chosen because it has a moderate critical temperature and pressure (304 K, 7.38 MPa) being also inert, inexpensive, non-flammable, environmentally acceptable, readily available, and safe [35].…”

Section: Supercritical Fluid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma‐linolenic and stearidonic acids: Purification and upgrading of C18‐PUFA oils

Guil‐Guerrero

Rincón‐Cervera

Venegas‐Venegas

2010

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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“…The former had a higher proportion of the essential fatty acid, γ-linolenic acid (C18:3) compared to the original S. platensis biomass. This and other unsaturated fatty acids can be separated from the protein isolate using methods such as supercritical CO 2 extraction and urea complex formation (Cohen et al, 1993;Mendes et al, 2005) to yield high-value co-products. The lower proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the residual biomass is favorable for biofuel production processes because they could result in lower oxidative stability (rancidification) of the generated biofuel (Gunstone, 1967).…”

Section: Component Fractionation Among the Product Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Protein Extraction from Spirulina platensis to Generate a Potential Co-Product and a Biofuel Feedstock with Reduced Nitrogen Content

et al. 2015

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The current work reports protein extraction from Spirulina platensis cyanobacterial biomass in order to simultaneously generate a potential co-product and a biofuel feedstock with reduced nitrogen content. S. platensis cells were subjected to cell disruption by high-pressure homogenization and subsequent protein isolation by solubilization at alkaline pH followed by precipitation at acidic pH. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the process parameters -pH, extraction (solubilization/precipitation) time and biomass concentration for obtaining maximum protein yield. The optimized process conditions were found to be pH 11.38, solubilization time of 35 min and biomass concentration of 3.6% (w/w) solids for the solubilization step, and pH 4.01 and precipitation time of 60 min for the precipitation step. At the optimized conditions, a high protein yield of 60.7% (w/w) was obtained. The protein isolate (co-product) had a higher protein content [80.6% (w/w)], lower ash [1.9% (w/w)] and mineral content and was enriched in essential amino acids, the nutritious γ-linolenic acid and other high-value unsaturated fatty acids compared to the original biomass. The residual biomass obtained after protein extraction had lower nitrogen content and higher total non-protein content than the original biomass. The loss of about 50% of the total lipids from this fraction did not impact its composition significantly owing to the low lipid content of S. platensis (8.03%).

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Supercritical CO2 extraction of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) from the cyanobacterium Arthrospira (Spirulina)maxima: experiments and modeling

Cited by 43 publications

References 14 publications

Developments in oil extraction from microalgae

Developments in oil extraction from microalgae

Gamma‐linolenic and stearidonic acids: Purification and upgrading of C18‐PUFA oils

Optimization of Protein Extraction from Spirulina platensis to Generate a Potential Co-Product and a Biofuel Feedstock with Reduced Nitrogen Content

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